Restoration 1660-1685 Flashcards
What was formed in April 1660?
A newly elected assembly called the Convention Parliament met and was presented with the Declaration of Breda, issued by Charles II with the advice of Hyde and Monck.
What did the Declaration of Breda include?
It promised cooperation and harmony, an amnesty for action taken in the civil war and interregnum, except for those who had signed the death warrant of Charles I, the settlement of issues, areas of pay to the army and religious toleration.
When did Charles return to England?
He returned on the 25th of May 1660, parliament voted that government should consist of the King, Lords and Commons.
How did Charles see himself?
He believed he was chosen by god, not by parliament.
Why and when was the Convention parliament dissolved?
In December 1660 the Convention Parliament was dissolved so that fresh elections could take place.
What did the Fifth Monarchists do in January 1661?
There was an uprising by Fifth Monarchists. It was short lived but created an atmosphere of fear and suspicion in London.
What impact did the rising of the Fifth Monarchists in January 1661 have on the elections in 1661?
A very conservative parliament was elected known as the Cavalier Parliament.
What did the Cavalier Parliament want?
The Cavalier Parliament sought revenge rather than reconciliation. The Cavalier sought to strengthen the King’s parliament.
What did the 1661 Militia Act state?
The King alone was in charge of the militia.
What did the revised Triennial Act of 1664 do?
It provided no mechanisms for enforcing the calling of parliament every three years.
What was the end result of the Savoy Meeting?
When the meeting began in April 1661, the impact of the Fifth Monarchists and the election of the Cavalier Parliament, helped the high church Laudians (Arminians) get their way.
What was the Savoy Meeting in 1661?
A meeting that would decide the details of the restored Church of England. The main three bodies were the Presbyterians, Anglicans and Laudians.
What was the November 1661 Corporation Act?
It ensured that only those who took Anglican Communion could be chosen to sit on the borough corporations that governed many of the ports and market towns. These ports and markets had generally been puritan strongholds.
What was the May 1662 Act of Uniformity?
It restored the Laudian Church and set such stringent conditions that 1,800 ministers were unable to conform and were expelled from their livings.
What was the impact of the attempt to destroy Puritanism in the 1660’s.
It backfired and ensured its survival.
What was the situation, Charles II found himself in financially at the beginning of his reign?
he had been offered less money than what he needed by the convention parliament. The Cavalier Parliament was more helpful but he still needed to raise taxes.
What was the Hearth Tax?
It was a tax levied in 1662; however, it only raised a third of the expected £250,000.
What were some of the contradictions between Charles II and parliament?
Charles claimed that he ruled by divine right, but he was recalled by parliament, he need parliament to fund him. As well as this, Charles wanted a tolerant church, where’s the cavalier parliament wanted a strict church.
Why was Charles suspected of being a Catholic?
He had spent much of his time in exile with Louis XIV. He also had a French mother. Charles also opposed the Act of Uniformity with would have prevented religious toleration. This would of helped Dissenters (Puritans) but also Catholics.
What was the outcome of the Second Anglo-Dutch war 1665-67?
The war was badly managed and resulted in defeat for the English. The Dutch also managed to break into the Medway River and destroy English Ships at anchor.
What major event occurred in 1665?
There was the great Plague.
