Restless Earth

Question 1

Define Caldera?

Answer 1

A large ridge forming at the dge of a supervolcano where the original cone has either collapsed or been destroyed in a large eruption

Question 2

What is a conservative plate margin?

Answer 2

A plate margin where the tectonic plates are sliding past each other

Question 3

What is a constructive plate margin?

Answer 3

A plate margin where the tectonic plates are moving apart

Question 4

What is a destructive plate margin?

Answer 4

A plate margin where the tectonic plates collide

Question 5

What is continental crust?

Answer 5

The part of the Earth’s crust that makes the continents

Question 6

What are convection currents?

Answer 6

Circulating movements of the magma in the mantle caused by the heat of the core

Question 7

Define Epicentre?

Answer 7

The point on the ground directly above the focus (centre) of the earthquake

Question 8

Define Focus?

Answer 8

The point of origin of an earthquake

Question 9

Define Magnitude?

Answer 9

The size of an earthquake

Question 10

What is oceanic crust?

Answer 10

The part of the Earth’s crust which is below the oceans

Question 11

What is an ocean trench?

Answer 11

A deep depression on the ocean floor formed at the subduction zones of destructive plate margins

Question 12

What are tectonic plates?

Answer 12

The latge pieces of broken crust that cover the earth

Question 13

What is a plate margin?

Answer 13

The boundary between two tectonic plates

Question 14

Define prediction?

Answer 14

Forecasting future changes

Question 15

What are primary effects?

Answer 15

The impacts of a natural disaster that happen immediately or soon afetr the event

Question 16

Define response?

Answer 16

The way in which people react to a situation eg. an earthquake

Question 17

What are secondary effects?

Answer 17

The after effects of a disaster eg. disease spreads or loss of the economy

Question 18

What is subduction?

Answer 18

The transformation into magma of a denser tectonic plate as it dives under a less dense plate

Question 19

What is a Supervolcano?

Answer 19

A volcano capable of erupting on a much larger scale than a normal volcano

Question 20

What are tectonic hazards?

Answer 20

Threats posed by earthquakes, volcanoes etc

Question 21

Define Tsunami?

Answer 21

Huge waves caused by earthquakes under the sea

Question 22

What type of volcano is this?

Answer 22

Composite

Question 23

What type of plate margin is this?

Answer 23

Constructive

Question 24

Name the process that makes the Earth’s tectonic plates move?

Answer 24

Convection cells

Question 25

What is the temperature inside the Earth's core?

Answer 25

5,500 °C

Question 26

List two characteristics of an Oceanic Crust

Answer 26

5-10 km thick Dense Destroyed at destructive plate margins Forms constantly at constructive plate margins Geologically young compared to continental crust

Question 27

List two characteristics of a Continental Crust

Answer 27

25-100km thick Less dense Cannot be destroyed. New crust is not formed It is geologically old 3-4 billion years old

Question 28

Which two plates does Iceland lie on?

Answer 28

North American and Eurasian

Question 29

What do you call the fault line that runs along the West coast of the USA?

Answer 29

The San Andres Fault

Question 30

Name the layers in the Earth’s structure?

Answer 30

Question 31

Draw a destructive plate boundary?

Answer 31

Question 32

In what year did Eyjafjallajokull (Iceland) erupt?

Answer 32

2010

Question 33

Name a fold mountain range?

Answer 33

Himalayas Alps Atlas Andes

Question 34

Describe the sequence of fold mountain formation?

Answer 34

Question 35

What type of volcano is this?

Answer 35

Shield volcano

Question 36

List two characteristics of a composite volcano?

Answer 36

Made up of alternating layers of lava and ash (other volcanoes just consist of lava) Found at destructive boundaries Often has pyroclastic flows. A pyroclastic flow is a mixture of hot steam, ash, rock and dust A pyroclastic flow can roll down the sides of a volcano at very high speeds and with temperatures of over 400°C

Question 37

List two characteristics of a shield volcano?

Answer 37

Shield volcanoes are usually found at constructive or tensional boundaries They are low, with gently sloping sides They are formed by eruptions of thin, runny lava Eruptions tend to be frequent but relatively gentle

Question 38

When did Montserrat start erupting?

Answer 38

1995

Question 39

Name a supervocano

Answer 39

Yellowstone

Question 40

How do we measure the size of a volcanic eruption?

Answer 40

Question 41

What is Old Faithful and where is it found?

Answer 41

A Geyser Yellowstone National Park

Question 43

Do earthquakes happen on all four plate boundaries?

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

What two ways can we measure the size of the earthquake?

Answer 44

Richter Scale- Measured from 1-9 Mercalli Scale- Measured from I-XII

Question 45

When was the Haiti earthquake?

Answer 45

2010

Question 46

How powerful was the Haiti earthquake?

Answer 46

7.0 Richter Scale

Question 47

What is the capital of Haiti?

Answer 47

Port-au-Prince

Question 48

How many people died in the Haiti earthquake?

Answer 48

220,000

Question 49

List two immediate responses to the Haiti earthquake?

Answer 49

The USA sent 10,000 troops The UN sent troops and police and they set up a “Food Aid Cluster” to feed 2 million people The USA sent $100 million in aid 235,000 people were relocated to other safer areas of the island

Question 50

Can we predict volcanic eruptions and earthquakes?

Answer 50

Volcanoes Yes Earthquakes NO!!