Population Flashcards
Define Anti- Natalist?
These are population policies that are used to encourage people have fewer children by offering incentives such as free education for only their first child. e.g. China
Define Birth Rate?
The number of children born alive for every 1000 people in one year
Define Carrying Capacity?
The maximum number of people who can be supported in a given area
Define Death Rate?
The number of people who die for every 1000 people in one year
What is a Demographer?
A person who studies population growth
Define Demographic Transition Model?
A model which shows population change overtime
What is a Dependent Population?
The number of people of non-working age (0-14 years and 65+ years)
Define Dependency Ratio?
The ratio between the number of people in a population of working age (15-64 years) and the number of people of non-working age (0-14 years and 65+ years)
Define Economically Active?
The number of people of working age (15-64 years).
Define Fertility Rate?
Average number of children a woman has in a country
What is a Low Income Country (LIC)?
A country where GNI is relatively low in comparison with other countries’. E.g. Uganda
Define Natural Increase?
The birth rate minus the death rate. It is normally given as a % of the total population
What are Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs)?
Countries which were recently less developed but where industrialisation has happened quickly e.g. China
Define Population Policies?
Measures take by a government to influence population size, growth, distribution or composition
Define Pro- Natalist?
These are population policies that are used to encourage people to have more children by offering incentives, such as financial payments. E.g. Singapore
Define Overpopulated?
An area which is said to have too many people for the resources available e.g. housing
Define Replacement Level?
The average number of children required to be born, per woman, to ensure than population remains stable (it is 2:1)
Name some problems caused by rapid population growth?
- Pressure on healthcare: high death rates from illness
- Pressure on education: people don’t get education and skills to help country to develop
- Demand for food: possible famine
- Not enough jobs to go around
What were the benefits of the China One Child Policy?
- An estimated 400 million births were prevented.
- Population control helped China to develop rapidly into world’s 2nd largest economy – growth in GDP of 8% in 2000s.
- Reduced pressure on education and healthcare
- Increased standards of living
Name the problems faced by the UK due to an ageing population?
- An estimated 400 million births were prevented.
- Population control helped China to develop rapidly into world’s 2nd largest economy – growth in GDP of 8% in 2000s.
- Reduced pressure on education and healthcare 4. Increased standards of living
What are the solutions to an ageing population?
- Raise the retirement age –paying tax longer/ less time getting pension. Has been raised to 67 in UK.
- Increase taxes for working people (unpopular!)
- Encourage people to contribute to personal pension to take the pressure off state pensions.
- Encourage part time work amongst OAPS.
What has the UK done to address its ageing population?
- Raise retirement age to 67. By 2046 it will be 68 for everyone.
- Encourage immigration of young people to the UK from the UE. 80% of immigrants from new EU countries were 34 or under, increasing taxes.
- Encourage women to have children through tax credits, maternity benefits and childcare for 4 year olds.
- Encourage people to take out private pensions.
Name some of Sweden’s pro-natal policies?
- 13 months paid paternity leave at 80% of salary
- Cash payment if children are born less than 30 months apart
- Child benefit for each child.
- All day childcare and schools for all
Name some impacts felt by Poland due to out-migration to the UK?
- Polish economy was boosted by remittances – approx. $3 billion in 2006
- Labour shortage in some jobs – construction etc. slowing growth of economy
- Families split up.
