Response and regulation

Question 1

What are the central nervous systems?

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal chord

Question 2

What is each sense organ made out of?

Answer 2

special cells called receptors

Question 3

What are receptors?

Answer 3

Receptors collect info and pass info as electrical impulses along neurons to central nervous system

Question 4

What is the order of the reflex arc?

Answer 4

Stimulus
Receptor
Sensory neurone
Co-ordinator/ relay nerve
Motor neurone
Effector (muscle or gland)
Response

Question 5

What is an example of the reflex arc?

Answer 5

Bright light
Eye
Sensory nerve (optic nerve)
Relay nerve
Motor nerve
Iris
Pupil contracts

Question 6

What is the purpose of blinking?

Answer 6

Protection of the eye

Question 7

What is the purpose of a knee jerk?

Answer 7

Maintaining posture

Question 8

What is glycogen?

Answer 8

Storage form of glucose in the liver

Question 9

What is glucagon?

Answer 9

Hormone, raises blood glucose when low

Question 10

What is insulin?

Answer 10

Hormone, lowers blood glucose when high

Question 11

Where is glucagon and insulin stored/created?

Answer 11

In the pancreas

Question 12

What causes high blood glucose?

Answer 12

Eating food containing sugar

Question 13

What lowers blood glucose?

Answer 13

Respiration/ exercise

Question 14

How does low blood glucose go back to normal?

Answer 14

Glucagon is released from the pancreas (glycogen in liver to glucose in blood)

Question 15

How does high blood sugar go back to normal?

Answer 15

Insulin is released from the pancreas (glucose in blood to glycogen in liver)

Question 16

e.g eating carbs

Answer 16

normal glucose level in blood - carbs eaten - glucose level in blood goes up - pancreas starts releasing insulin in blood - liver starts turning glucose into glycogen and storing - glucose level in blood back to normal - pancreas stops releasing insulin

Question 17

What are the factors of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 17

genetics, no insulin produced, not able to convert glycogen

Question 18

What are the factors of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 18

lifestyle and not enough insulin produced

Question 19

What are the treatments to diabetes?

Answer 19

1. regular injections of insulin (into bloodstream)
2. controlling carb and fat content of a diet
3. possible transplant of pancreatic tissue

Question 20

What is tropism?

Answer 20

The growth of a plant towards a light source or in a response to a source of gravity

Question 21

Define gravetropism.

Answer 21

(response to gravity)
- roots grow down (positive) - make sure they find soil and water
- shoots always grow up (negative) - make sure they always reach light

Question 22

Define phototropism

Answer 22

grow towards light to maximise photosynthesis

Question 23

What is the hormone that controls a plant’s responses to light and gravity?

Answer 23

Auxin

Question 24

Where are the two places auxin is made and how do they effect growth?

Answer 24

At the tips of stems and roots
Growth is sped up in stems
Growth is slowed down in roots

Question 25

What is hyperthermia?

Answer 25

Temperature is higher than average

Question 26

What is hypothermia?

Answer 26

Temperature is lower than average

Question 27

What happens in vasodilation?

Answer 27

The vessels open as the body is too hot and needs to keep cool.
1. blood vessels close to skin open and diameter of arterioles dilate
2. Blood flows close to skin
3. Heat loss due to convection

Question 28

What happens in vasoconstriction?

Answer 28

Vessels close as body is too cold and needs to warm up.
1. blood vessels close to skin close
2. blood doesn’t flow close to skin
3. prevents heat loss from convection

Question 29

What happens during sweating?

Answer 29

1. diameter of blood vessels in skin increase so more blood flows through them so more heat is lost from skin surface
2. hair erector muscles relax, hair lies flat so less air is trapped next to skin so heat is lost
3. sweat is released from pores, body heat is used to evaporate sweat

Question 30

What happens during shivering?

Answer 30

1. diameter of blood vessels in skin decrease so less blood flows so less heat is lost from skin surface
2. hair erector muscles contract so layer of warm air is trapped next to skin so insulates body heat
3. heat is released as muscles in body contract causing shivering

Question 31

What are the short and long term effects of alcohol?

Answer 31

ST: Dehydration, slower reactions, confidence, sickness
LT: addiction, weight gain, liver/kidney damage

Question 32

What are some obesity causes?

Answer 32

Lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating, high amounts of stress, genetics, high amounts of alcohol

Question 33

How do lightwaves enter the eye?

Answer 33

Through the pupil

Question 34

What is the purpose of the iris?

Answer 34

Changes the diameter of the pupil which effects the amount of light entering the eyes

Question 35

What does the retina do?

Answer 35

Recieves the light and forms an image

Question 36

Where does the light go after the retina?

Answer 36

Through the optic nerve and turns into electrical impulses

Question 37

Why does the eye send messages to the brain rather than the spinal chord?

Answer 37

The brain is closer