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biologyyy > Classification and biodiversity > Flashcards

Classification and biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two classes plants are classified in?

A

flowering plants and non-flowering plants

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2
Q

What are the two classes animals are classified in?

A

Vertebrates and invertebrates

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3
Q

What is a vertebrate?

A

Animals that have a backbone

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4
Q

What are the five animal kingdoms?

A

Prokaryote
Protists
Plants
Animals
Fungi

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5
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A

prokaryotes have cells without a nucleus

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6
Q

What are eukaryotes

A

eukaryotes have cells with a nucleus

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7
Q

How are organisms named?

A

Binomial system devised by Carl Linnaeus

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8
Q

What is the first part of an organism name?

A

The organisms genus

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9
Q

What is the second?

A

The species

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10
Q

What are the advantages or the binomial system?

A
  • always same all over the world
  • same in every language
  • avoids confusion
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11
Q

What are the two adaptations?

A

morphological (shape of organism)
behavioural (enable them to survive in the environment)

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12
Q

What are some examples of morphological adaptations?

A

Ear length (animals with small ears lose less heat as smaller surface area)
Coat colour (camouflage)
Body mass (more heat is lost through surface of animal with smaller body mass)

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13
Q

What are some examples of behavioural adaptations?

A

Diurnal, Nocturnal

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14
Q

Define population size.

A

means how many of one type of plant or animal (species) there is in a given ecosystem

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15
Q

What may the population size of animals be affected by?

A

-competition for water and food
-number of predators
-disease
-pollution

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16
Q

What may the population size of a plant be affected by?

A

-competition for light, water or minerals
-number of herbivores
-disease
-pollution

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17
Q

Define interspecific competition

A

competition between members of different species

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18
Q

Define intraspecific competition

A

competition between members of the same species

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19
Q

Define biodiversity

A

number of different species in a particular area

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20
Q

What is biodiversity important for?

A

food, potential foods, industrial materials, new medicines and human well being

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21
Q

What are habitats being destroyed for?

A

building, industry and agriculture

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22
Q

What are the six methods of protecting biodiversity?

A
  1. CITES (convention on international trade in endangered species)
  2. SSSI (sites of special scientific interest)
  3. Capture breeding programmes
  4. National Parks
  5. Seed banks
  6. Local biodiversity conservation schemes
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23
Q

What do CITES do?

A

CITES (convention on international trade in endangered species)
- agreement in international market to prevent trade in endangered species

24
Q

What does SSSI do?

A

SSSI (sites of special scientific interest)
- legally protected sites b/c rare habitats or rare species

25
Q

What does captive breeding programmes do?

A

Capture breeding programmes
- protecting rare species by increasing numbers through breeding programmes before releasing into the wild

26
Q

What do National Parks do?

A

National Parks
- protected areas for enjoyment of public due to natural beauty, plants, animals and geology

27
Q

What do seed banks do?

A

Seed banks
- a way of maintaining genetic biodiversity in case a species of plant or animal become extinct

28
Q

What do local biodiversity conservation schemes do?

A

Local biodiversity conservation schemes
- plans by local authorities with aim of protecting and enhancing

29
Q

What can quadrats be used to count?

A
  • number of species of plant inside it
  • percentages cover of a plant (e.g percentage covered by grass)
30
Q

What is the method of quadrat sampling?

A
  1. Select a random sampling method
  2. A 1m2 quadrat is placed randomly and the number of living organisms is counted
  3. Repeated at least twice or until numbers are consistent
  4. Number is multiplied to calculate total number
31
Q

How could quadrats be improved?

A

Use more quadrats for a better estimate

32
Q

How do you estimate with quadrats?

A

area of field
—————– x average of organisms
area of quadrat

33
Q

What do line transects show?

A
  • frequency of species in a habitat
  • distribution of species in a habitat
34
Q

How can you improve line transect accuracy?

A
  • sample area must be typical of the whole area
  • bigger the sample area the better
  • method of sampling must not affect the results
35
Q

How does the capture and re-capture technique work?

A
  1. capturing a number of individuals from a species
  2. marking them
  3. releasing back into the wild
  4. some time later another species is captured
  5. using following equation to estimate the population
36
Q

What is the equation which estimates the total population size?

A

N=MC divided R

M is no. of animals captured and marked on 1st visit
C is no. of animals captured on 2nd visit
R is no. of animals captured on 2nd visit that’s also marked

37
Q

What assumptions does this technique follow?

A

No deaths, no immigration or emigration, making sure the technique doesn’t affect the chance of survival

38
Q

How do you improve the capture and re-capture technique?

A

-enough time has passed for marked individuals to mix with the rest population
-no large scale movement of animals in our out of the area
-marking technique doesn’t affect the chances of being recaptured

39
Q

What is biological pest control?

A

when another organism is used to kill pests

40
Q

What are the advantages of biological control?

A

-specific to a particular pest
-once predator is introduced no need to re-introduce it
-pest doesn’t develop resistance to predator

41
Q

What are the disadvantages of biological control?

A

-delay between introduction and reduction of pest
-does not completely eradicate pest

42
Q

What are the advantages of chemical control?

A

-reduces population easily
-quick at acting
-can apply it where you need it

43
Q

What are the disadvantages of chemical control?

A

-harmful to the environment
-may kill other organisms
-can be an issue in the food chain (bio-accumulation)
-expensive

44
Q

What is an alien species?

A

-animal or plant that has been introduced into a country it doesn’t originate from

45
Q

What are the problems with alien species?

A

-alien species may have no predators and grow out of control
-may compete with existing species causing it to die out
-may carry a disease that could affect native species

46
Q

define the term ‘allele’

A

two variations of the same gene (1 letter)

47
Q

define the term ‘gamete’

A

a sex cell

48
Q

define the term ‘gene’

A

a section of DNA

49
Q

define the term ‘dominant’

A

always ‘shows’ in phenotypes

50
Q

define the term ‘recessive’

A

doesn’t ‘show’in phenotypes

51
Q

define the term ‘homozygous’

A

same two alleles for a gene

52
Q

define the term ‘heterozygous’

A

different two alleles for a gene

53
Q

define the term ‘phenotype’

A

characteristics shown

54
Q

define the term ‘genotype’

A

genetic make-up (alleles two letters)

55
Q

define the term ‘genome’

A

the entire genetic material of that organism

56
Q

What symptoms does cystic fibrosis cause?

A

thick mucus in lungs which slows down exchange in gases

57
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

contains the instructions for an organism to develop,survive and reproduce.

biologyyy (9 decks)

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