response and regulation

Question 1

what are the body sense organs and what doe they sense

Answer 1

eye-light
nose -chemical smell
tongue-chemical taste
ears -sound
skin- temperature pressure touch and pain
muscle -tension

Question 2

what are sense organs made out of

Answer 2

receptor cells these detect changes around them either internally or in the external environment

Question 3

hat are changes called

Answer 3

stimuli these are the changes in the environment

Question 4

hat is the cns

Answer 4

spinal cord and brain

Question 5

hat are examples of a reflex action

Answer 5

pupil reflex sneezing

Question 6

cornea

Answer 6

transparent layer of the eye and it refracts light

Question 7

iris

Answer 7

controls the size the size of the pupil the coloured part of the eye

Question 8

pupil

Answer 8

is the gap in the iris that allows light rays to enter

Question 9

lens

Answer 9

focuses light in to the retina

Question 10

choriod

Answer 10

black pigmented layer absorbs light preventing internal reflection

Question 11

scalera

Answer 11

tough white protective outer layer
maintains the eyeball shape

Question 12

retina

Answer 12

light sensitive layer
Impulses sent to optic nerve.

Question 13

blind spot

Answer 13

Where the optic nerve connects to the retina; there are no light-sensitive cells here.

Question 14

optic nerve

Answer 14

Optic nerve Carries impulses from retina to brain.

Question 15

nerve cells can

Answer 15

also be called neurones

Question 16

what happens if you touch a hot plate

Answer 16

If you touch a hot plate, you move your hand away quickly. The following sentences describe what happens:

Receptors in the skin detect that the plate is hot.

Electrical impulses travel along sensory neurones to the spinal cord.

The spinal cord sorts out the information. It is called the co-ordinator.

Impulses from the spinal cord travel along motor neurones to the arm muscle (effector).

A muscle in the arm contracts, moving it away from the hot plate.

Question 17

what is the coordinator
effector and receptor

Answer 17

the spinal cord
the muscle
the skin

Question 18

what is a tropism

Answer 18

these are growth responses of a plant to ward a stimulus

Question 19

the response of a plant downwards toward gravity

Answer 19

is called positive gravtropism

Question 20

t does homeostasis mean

Answer 20

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment to keep conditions at an optimum

Question 21

when you are too hot

Answer 21

hen we are too hot

The hairs lie flat, so there is no insulating layer of trapped air.

The sweat gland produces sweat. The sweat travels up the sweat duct and passes out onto the skin’s surface through the sweat pore. This cools you down when the sweat evaporates.

The blood vessels near the skin’s surface dilate. This brings more blood nearer to the surface and so more heat energy is lost by radiation.

Question 22

when you are too cold

Answer 22

When we are too cold

The erector muscles contract to make the hairs stand on end. This traps an insulating layer of air.

Less or no sweat is released from the sweat gland.

The blood vessels near the skin’s surface constrict. This means less blood is near the skin’s surface and so less heat energy is lost by radiation.
we shiver, which generates heat through muscle contraction. The muscles carry out more respiration and therefore more heat energy is released in the body.

Question 23

what are hormones

Answer 23

they are chemical messengers
produced by glands and carried by the blood the are all proteins

Question 24

when insulin rises

Answer 24

If your blood glucose rises after a meal, your pancreas releases proteins called hormones. The hormone released when blood glucose rises is called insulin. Insulin is released by the pancreas and travels in the blood to its target organ – the liver. Insulin causes the liver to reduce the blood glucose level by converting the glucose to insoluble glycogen and then storing it.

Question 25

type 1 diabeties

Answer 25

In type 1 diabetes (the most common in young people), your body stops producing insulin.

It is thought that type 1 diabetes may be brought on by the body over-reacting to a certain type of virus, with the result that the immune system destroys its own insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, blood glucose levels go up and the body tries to get rid of the excess glucose in the urine. Doctors diagnose diabetes by the presence of glucose in the urine.

Diabetes can be treated by regularly injecting insulin, maintaining a low sugar and low carbohydrate diet and, in some cases, a transplant of pancreatic tissue

Question 26

type 2 diabetes

Answer 26

In type 2 diabetes, the body cells do not respond properly to the insulin that is produced. It is milder and more common in older people and is often easily controlled by eating less carbohydrate or sugar. Type 2 diabetes tends to be associated with being overweight or obese.

Question 27

negative feedback

Answer 27

Negative feedback mechanisms are used to maintain optimum conditions inside the body.

Any change from the balance in optimal internal conditions results in the body’s hormonal and nervous systems compensating for the change and restoring the balance. In other words, if the level of something rises, control systems reduce it again and if the level of something falls, control systems raise it again.

Question 28

what does glucagon do

Answer 28

it causee the glycogen in the liver to be converted to glucose which is then transported back in tothe blood

Question 29

what lifestyle choices are harmful to health

Answer 29

Many lifestyle choices are harmful to our health. For example:

smoking
excessive consumption of alcohol
taking recreational drugs
overeating
having a diet high in saturated fat or salt
lack of exercise.

Question 30

what doe drugs do to the body

Answer 30

Drugs change the chemical processes in people’s bodies.

Question 31

how do we test for glucose in the blood

Answer 31

Benedict solution blue in the presents of glucose and carbs it turns green