dna and inheritence Flashcards
complementary paring
Guanine (G) only pairs with
Cytosine (C) and Adenine (A) only pairs with Thymine (T).
bonded with hydrogen
DNA construction
2 long chains of alternating sugar and phosphate.
backbone
triplet code
3 bases form a triplet code which codes for a particular sequence of
amino acid
chains of amino acid will code for a protein
gene
section of Dna which codes for a protein
method of genetic profiling
Genetic profiling is a method of comparing DNA:
1. Sample of cells collected
2. DNA extracted from cells
3. DNA sample cut into fragments using enzymes
4. Fragments separated into unique pattern of dna bands, creating a genetic profile
The patterns of the bands can be compared to view similarities in the DNA sequences.
Genetic profiling can be used for:
Genetic profiling can be used for:
● Paternity testing
● Detecting diseased genes
●criminal cases
● comparing species for
classification purposes
Another benefit is identifying
genes associated with disease.
However, there are ethical
concerns with this technology.
gene
A length of DNA that codes for the production of a particular protein
allele
different versions of the same gene
gametes
Reproductive cells (e.g. egg and sperm cells) that contain a single copy of each
chromosome
dominant
Describes an allele that is always expressed in the phenotype represented with a capital letter
recessive
An allele that is only expressed in the absence of a dominant allele
Represented with a small letter e.g. f
homozygous
Having two identical alleles of a gene
hetrozygous
having two different allele of a specific gene
genotype
genetic makeup of an individual cell or organism
phenotype
The phenotype is the visible characteristics of an organism which occur as a result of its genes. For example, blue eyes or brown hair.
Monohybrid inheritance how is it presented
is the inheritance of a single gene
in a punnet square
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering is the modification of the genome of an organism by the insertion of a desired
gene from another organism.
GM advantages
Advantages:
Genes for disease resistance can be transferred to crop plants to increase yield.
Herbicide resistant genes can also increase yield as herbicides can be used to kill competing plants
(weeds).
GM disadvantages
Disadvantages: Creation of super weeds if the
herbicide resistance genes are taken up by weed
species.
Unknown long-term effects of modifying
genomes.
Unknown health effects of eating modified
organisms.
where are chromosomes found
in the nucleus
why are people against using embryonic stems cells
it involves the loss of potential life which arises many ethical views
