dna and inheritence

Question 1

complementary paring

Answer 1

Guanine (G) only pairs with
Cytosine (C) and Adenine (A) only pairs with Thymine (T).
bonded with hydrogen

Question 2

DNA construction

Answer 2

2 long chains of alternating sugar and phosphate.
backbone

Question 3

triplet code

Answer 3

3 bases form a triplet code which codes for a particular sequence of
amino acid
chains of amino acid will code for a protein

Question 4

gene

Answer 4

section of Dna which codes for a protein

Question 5

method of genetic profiling

Answer 5

Genetic profiling is a method of comparing DNA:
1. Sample of cells collected
2. DNA extracted from cells
3. DNA sample cut into fragments using enzymes
4. Fragments separated into unique pattern of dna bands, creating a genetic profile
The patterns of the bands can be compared to view similarities in the DNA sequences.

Question 6

Genetic profiling can be used for:

Answer 6

Genetic profiling can be used for:
● Paternity testing
● Detecting diseased genes
●criminal cases
● comparing species for
classification purposes
Another benefit is identifying
genes associated with disease.
However, there are ethical
concerns with this technology.

Question 7

gene

Answer 7

A length of DNA that codes for the production of a particular protein

Question 8

allele

Answer 8

different versions of the same gene

Question 9

gametes

Answer 9

Reproductive cells (e.g. egg and sperm cells) that contain a single copy of each
chromosome

Question 10

dominant

Answer 10

Describes an allele that is always expressed in the phenotype represented with a capital letter

Question 11

recessive

Answer 11

An allele that is only expressed in the absence of a dominant allele
Represented with a small letter e.g. f

Question 12

homozygous

Answer 12

Having two identical alleles of a gene

Question 13

hetrozygous

Answer 13

having two different allele of a specific gene

Question 14

genotype

Answer 14

genetic makeup of an individual cell or organism

Question 15

phenotype

Answer 15

The phenotype is the visible characteristics of an organism which occur as a result of its genes. For example, blue eyes or brown hair.

Question 16

Monohybrid inheritance how is it presented

Answer 16

is the inheritance of a single gene
in a punnet square

Question 17

Genetic engineering

Answer 17

Genetic engineering is the modification of the genome of an organism by the insertion of a desired
gene from another organism.

Question 18

GM advantages

Answer 18

Advantages:
Genes for disease resistance can be transferred to crop plants to increase yield.
Herbicide resistant genes can also increase yield as herbicides can be used to kill competing plants
(weeds).

Question 19

GM disadvantages

Answer 19

Disadvantages: Creation of super weeds if the
herbicide resistance genes are taken up by weed
species.
Unknown long-term effects of modifying
genomes.
Unknown health effects of eating modified
organisms.

Question 20

where are chromosomes found

Answer 20

in the nucleus

Question 21

why are people against using embryonic stems cells

Answer 21

it involves the loss of potential life which arises many ethical views