Responding to the Environment Flashcards
What are housekeeping genes?
Genes always required for regular function
What are regulated genes?
Can be turned on or off as needed
Housekeeping genes are _________ expressed
Constitutively
_______ is the preferred energy source of bacteria
glucose
In an environment with glucose and lactose, how will a cell use these energy sources
Bacteria will use up glucose, then after a short period of time will switch to metabolizing lactose
What are the levels of gene regulation?
-Transcriptional control
-Translational control
-Post-translational control
What does transcriptional control do?
Controls amount of mRNA produced by controlling the binding of proteins to the promoter (inhibition or activation)
What 2 things control the amount of protein made?
-Rate of translation
-mRNA stability and degradation
What does post-translational control do?
-Allows protein to fold into tertiary structures
-Post-translational modifications
Which kind of control is the fastest
Post translational
Allows cell to stock inactive proteins to modify when a signal is received
What kind of control is the slowest
Transcriptional regulation
Cell must start from scratch, delays enzyme production
Which kind of control is the most efficient
Transcriptional control
Cell does not waste resources to make proteins it does not need until it must
