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Health Assessment Lec > Respirtatory System > Flashcards

Respirtatory System Flashcards

1
Q

4 HISTORY TAKING

A

Current Symptoms
Past History
Family History
Lifestyle and Health Practices

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2
Q

A clenched fist over the sternum (Levine sign) →

A

angina pectoris

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3
Q

a finger pointing to a tender spot on the chest wall →

A

musculoskeletal pain

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4
Q

a hand moving from the neck to the epigastrium →

A

heartburn

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5
Q

problems with snoring, witnessed apneas (defined as breathing cessation for ≥10 seconds), awakening with a choking sensation, or morning headache.

A

obstructive sleep apnea

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6
Q

EQUIPMENT

A

Examination gown anddrapes
Mask
Gloves
Stethoscope
Light source
Skin marker
Centimeter ruler

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7
Q

Palpate for fremitus, using the ball or ulnar edge of one
hand while the client says “_____”.

A

ninety-nine

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8
Q

Palpate for chest expansion. Place hands on the posterior
chest wall with your thumbs at the level of ___

A

T9 or T10,

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9
Q

is the most
important examination
technique for assessing air
ow through the
tracheobronchial tree

A

Auscultation

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10
Q

The most commonly heard adventitious sounds

A

crackles
rhonchi
wheezes
*Stridor
*rubs

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11
Q

Normal Sounds

A

egophony
bronchophony
Whisper Pectoriloquy

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12
Q

ask the client to repeatthe letter “E”

A

Egophony

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13
Q

ask the client to repeat the phrase “ninety-nine.”

A

Bronchophony

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14
Q

ask the client to whisper the phrase “one-two-three” or “ninety-nine.”

A

whisper pectoriloquy.

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15
Q

INSPECTION Note the following in the respiratory system

A

▪ Tracheal deviation
▪ Chest wall deformities
▪ Kyphosis
▪ Scoliosis
▪ Barrel Chest
▪ Pectus excavatum
▪ Pectus carinatum

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16
Q

curvature of the spine (anterior/posterior)

A

Khyposis

17
Q

curvature of the spine (lateral)

A

Scoliosis

18
Q

Increased anterior/posterior chest wall.

A

▪ Barrel Chest

19
Q

Abnormal spinal curvature and , vertebral rotation deform chest. Distortion of the underlying lungs interpretation of lung findings are difficult

A

Thoracic Kyphoscoliosis

20
Q

Normal Adult
The lateral diameter of the thorax in the normal adult is greater than its AP diameter which is

A

0.7 up to 0.9 increases with age

21
Q

Note depression in the lower portion of the sternum.
Compression of the heart and greater vessels may cause murmurs.

A

Funnel Chest (Pectus Excavatum)

22
Q

the sternum is displaced anteriorly. increasing the AP diameter.
Costal cartilages adjacent and protruding sternum are depressed.

A

Pigeon Chest (Pectus Carinatum)

23
Q

SIGNS
OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS

A

▪Tachypneic (>25/bpm)
▪Cyanosis (hypoxia) or pallor (heart failure)
▪ Pursed-lip breathing
▪ Accessory muscle use
▪ Diaphragmatic paradox
▪ Intercostal indrawing

24
Q

2 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A

Pink Puffer (Emphysema Dominant)
Blue Bloater (Bronchitis Dominant)

25
Q

Accessory muscles of
ventilation:

A
  1. scalene
  2. sternocleidomastoid
  3. pectoralis major
  4. trapezius
  5. external intercostals.
26
Q

when the chest expands during inhalation and the abdomen is drawn inwards and then during exhalation the abdomen is pushed outwards

A

Paradoxical Breathing

27
Q

Inspiratory Sound longer than expiratory sound
soft and relatively low.
over both lungs

A

Vesicular

28
Q

inspiratory and expiratory are almost equal.
intermediate
2nd interspaces anterior between the scapula

A

Bronchovesicular

29
Q

Expiratory sounds last longer than the inspiratory ones.
loud
relatively high
over the manubrium

A

Bronchial

30
Q

inspiratory and expiratory sound are almost equal.
very loud
relatively high
over the trachea in the neck

A

Tracheal

31
Q

Discontinuous
Intermittent, nonmusical, and brief
like dots in time

A

Crackles

32
Q

louder, lower in pitch
350Hz
15-30ms

A

Coarse Crackles

33
Q

soft, high-pitched
650Hz
5-10ms

A

fine crackles

34
Q

Continuous
Sinusoidal, musical, prolonged
like a dash in time

A

Wheezes and Rhonchi

35
Q

relatively high-pitched
>400Hz with hissing/shrill >80ms

A

Wheezes

36
Q

relatively low-pitched 150-200Hz
with snoring quality >80ms

A

Rhonchi

37
Q

is a continuous, high-frequency, high-pitched musical sound produced during airflow through a narrowing in the upper respiratory tract.

A

Stridor

38
Q

is a discontinuous low frequency: grating sound that arises from inflammation and roughening of the Visceral pleura as it slides against the parietal pleura.

A

A pleural rub

Health Assessment Lec (11 decks)

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