Pain Assessment Flashcards
is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.
Pain
- the 5th Vital Sign
Pain
Nature of Pain
▪ Pain is subjective and highly individualized
▪ Its stimulus is physical and/or mental in nature
▪ Only the patient knows whether pain is present and how the experience feels
▪ May not be directly proportional to amount of tissue damage
Pain is classified. by:
Based on duration
Based on etiology
Based on location
Based on intensity
Pain based by duration
Acute
Chronic
▪ Lasting from seconds to 6 months
▪ It usually resolves, with or without treatment, after an injured area heals
Acute Pain
T/F
Unrelieved acute pain can progress to chronic pain
True
▪ Last longer than 6 months
Episodic pain: pain episodes last for
hours, days, weeks. (e.g. migraine headaches)
Chronic Pain
Chronic Pain can be
▪ Can be:
-Chronic non cancer pain
-Chronic cancer pain
-Chronic Episodic pain:
Pain Based on intensity
Mild pain
Moderate pain
Severe pain
Pain scale reading from 1 -3
▪ Mild Pain:
Pain scale reading from 4 to 6
▪ Moderate Pain
Pain scale reading from 7 to 10
▪ Severe Pain
Classification of pain based on etiology:
Classification of pain based on etiology
Nociceptive pain:
-Somatic pain
-Visceral pain
Neuropathic pain:
- Peripheral neuropathic pain
-Central neuropathic pain
experienced when an intact, properly functioning nervous system sends signals that tissues are damaged, requiring attention and proper care.
Nociceptive Pain
pain that is originating from the skin, muscles, bone, or connective tissue
Somatic Pain
pain that results from the activation of nociceptors of the thoracic, pelvic or abdominal viscera (organs)
Visceral pain:
associated with damaged or malfunctioning nerves due to illness, injury, or undetermined
reasons.
Neuropathic pain
due to damage to peripheral nervous system
Peripheral neuropathic pain
results from malfunctioning nerves in the central nervous system
Central neuropathic pain
- These are various tools that are designed to assess the level of pain.
Pain Assessment Tool
The most commonly used Pain Assessment tools are:
- Verbal Rating Scale
- Numeric Rating Scale
- Wong Baker’s Faces Pain Scale
) is a safe method for pain management that many patient prefer.
Patient-Controlled Analgesia
reflect the body’s physiologic status and provide information critical to evaluating homeostatic balance.
Vital Signs
Vital Signs Includes
Temperature, Pulse Rate, Respiratory Rate, and Blood Pressure
It is the hotness or coldness of the body. It is the balance between heat production and heat loss of the body.
Temperature
2 Kinds of Body Temperature
- Core Temperature: temperature of internal organs
- Surface temperature: temperature of the skin,
subcutaneous tissue and fat cells
For healthy adult the normal resting pulse range from 60 – 100 beats per minute
Pulse Rate
is characterized as an abnormally low heart rate which is fewer than 60 beats per minute
▪Bradycardia
is characterized a fast heart rate which is more than 100 beats per minute.
▪ Tachycardia
Respiration
▪ Each respiration is divided into two phases:
- Inhalation, which is breathing in
- Exhalation, which is breathing out
normal respiration (12 – 20 respirations/minute)
▪ Eupnea
Respirations above 20 respirations/minute
▪ Tachypnea
Respirations less than 12 respirations/minute
▪Bradypnea
Is a measurement of the pressure or force exerted by the blood on the wall of the arteries in the heart
Blood Pressure
▪ Formal, legal document that provides evidence of a client’s care. There different systems and form of documentation, but all client records have similar information
Chart/ Client Record
▪ AKA charting / documenting
▪ process of making an entry on a client record
Recording
Purposes of Records
▪ Communication
▪ Planning client care
▪ Auditing health agencies
▪ Research
▪ Legal Documentation
▪Reimbursement
– a traditional part of source-oriented record.
- It consist of written notes that include routine care, normal fundings, and client problems
Narrative Charting
- Intended to make the client and client concerns the focus of care.
- Provides a holistic perspective of the client and the client’s needs
Focus Charting (FDAR)– Focus, Data, Action, Response
Progress Notes (SOAPIE) –
Subjective Data, Objective Data, Assessment, Plan, Intervention, Evaluation
Types of Charting
Narrative Charting
Focus Charting (FDAR)
Progress Notes (SOAPIE)
