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Health Assessment Lec > Assessing the Neurological System and Mental Status Examination > Flashcards

Assessing the Neurological System and Mental Status Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Right and Left
hemispheres joined by
the corpus callosum

A

Cerebrum

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2
Q

Four lobes

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
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3
Q

aggregation of neuronal cell bodies; mediates higher-level function (memory, perception,
communication, initiation
of voluntary movements)

A

Gray Matter

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4
Q

Regulate emotional expression,
behavior, intellect; influence personality; control voluntary
movement

A

Frontal Lobe

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5
Q

Influence hearing, smell, taste,
and memory

A

Temporal Lobe

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6
Q

Perceives and interpret sensory
inputs such as pain, temperature, touch, texture,
and proprioception

A

Parietal Lobe

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7
Q

Perceive and interpret visual
stimuli, including spatial relationships; Influence the
ability to read with
understanding

A

Occipital Lobe

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8
Q

Clusters multiple stimuli into a
coherent whole before sending it to the cerebral cortex for perception

A

Thalamus

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9
Q

Regulates production of several
hormones responsible for regulating water balance, appetite, vital signs, sleep cycles, pain perception, and emotional status

A

Hypothalamus

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10
Q

Regulates visual, auditory, and other reflexes and controls eye movements, focusing, and
pupil dilation

A

Midbrain

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11
Q

Helps control respiratory function, facial
movement and sensation, and eye movement

A

Pons

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12
Q

Regulates heart and respiratory rate, BP, and protective reflexes such as swallowing, vomiting, sneezing, and coughing

A

Medulla Oblongata

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13
Q

Coordination and smoothing of
voluntary movements,
maintaining equilibrium, and
maintenance of muscle tone

A

Cerebellum

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14
Q
  • Located in the vertebral canal
  • Extends from the medulla oblongata
    to the first lumbar vertebra (L1)
  • Conducts sensory impulses up the ascending tracts to the brain
  • Conducts motor impulses down the descending tracts to neurons that stimulate glands and muscles
    throughout the body
  • Responsible for simple reflex activity
A

SPINAL CORD

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15
Q

Afferent
* Conducting or conducted
towards the brain

A
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16
Q
  • Conducting or conducted
    away from the brain
A

Efferent

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17
Q
  • Anterior
A

Ventral

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18
Q
  • Posterior
A

Dorsal

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19
Q

Sensations of pain, temperature, and crude an light touch
travel by the way of the

A

spinothalamic tract

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20
Q

Sensations of position, vibration and fine touch travel by way
of the

A

posterior columns

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21
Q

Impulses from the afferent fibers of the peripheral nerves are
carried through

A

the posterior root ganglion

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22
Q

control voluntary
skilled movement of the extremities and
fine movement of the fingers

A

Corticospinal tracts

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23
Q

voluntary control of
face, head, and neck

A

Corticobulbar tract

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24
Q

Pyramidal Tracts
Motor neurons original in the motor cortex
and travel down the medulla

A

Pyramidal Tracts

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25
Q

Extrapyramidal Tracts
Responsible for INVOLUNTARY control and modulation like
tone and balance
Originate in the brainstem

A

Extrapyramidal Tracts

26
Q

Responsible for fine motor control

A

Rubrospinal tract (midbrain)

27
Q

facilitates contraction and increases tone

A

Pons

28
Q

inhibits ontraction, decreases tone, and automatic breathing

A

Medulla

29
Q

Involved in balance and posture

A

Vestibulospinal tract

30
Q

Involved in the coordinate head and eye coordination

A

Tectospinal (Colliculospinal) tract

31
Q

Carries smell impulses
from nasal mucous
membrane to brain

A
  • Olfactory Nerve
32
Q

Carries visual impulses
from eye to brain

A

Optic Nerve

33
Q

Contracts eye muscles to control eye movements (superolateral,
superomedial, inferolateral, and medial), constricts pupils, and elevates eyelid

A

Oculomotor Nerve

34
Q

Contracts superior oblique muscle to
control inferomedial eye movement

A
  • Trochlear Nerve
35
Q

Trigeminal NerveMotor: Chewing and jaw opening and clenching Sensory: Conveying sensory
data from eyes (cornea), nose, mouth, teeth, jaw, forehead,
scalp, and facial skin

A

Trigeminal Nerve

36
Q

Trigeminal Nerve
3 divisions:

A

Ophthalmic,
Maxillary,
and Mandibular

37
Q

Abducens Nerve
Controls lateral eye
movements

A

Abducens Nerve

38
Q

Motor: Closing eyes, closing
mouth, moving lips and other
muscles of facial expression,
salivation and lacrimation
Sensory: Tasting on anterior
tongue

A

Facial Nerve

39
Q

Facial Nerve Branches:

A

Branches: Temporal, Zygomatic,
Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical

40
Q

Contains sensory fibers for
hearing and balance

A

Acoustic/
Vestibulocochlear nerve

41
Q

Hearing Pathways

A

Conductive phase
Sensorineural phase

42
Q

Sensory: Contains sensory fibers for taste on posterior third of
tongue and sensory fibers of the pharynx that result in the gag
reflex when stimulated
Motor: Provides secretory fibers to the parotid salivary glands; promotes swallowing
movements

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

43
Q

Carries sensation from the
throat, larynx, heart, lungs,
bronchi, gastrointestinal tract,
and abdominal viscera

A

Vagus Nerve

44
Q

Innervates neck muscles
(sternocleidomastoid and
trapezius) that promote
movement of the shoulders and head rotation

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve

45
Q

Innervates tongue muscles that promote the movement of food and talking

A

Hypoglossal Nerve

46
Q

31 pairs (8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 sacral, 1
coccygeal)

A

SPINAL NERVES

47
Q

The sensory root of each spinal nerve innervates
an area of the skin called a

A

DERMATOME

48
Q

Remember SAME DAVE

A

Remember SAME DAVE
Sensory Afferent
Motor Efferent
Dorsal Afferent
Ventral Efferent

49
Q

activated
during stress and elicits responses such as
decreased gastric secretions, bronchiole
dilatation, increased pulse rate, and pupil
dilation; arise from the thoracolumbar level
(T1 to L2)

A

Sympathetic nervous system

50
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system:

A

restore and
maintain normal body functions like
decreasing the heart rate; arise from the
craniosacral regions (S1 to S4 and CN III, VI, IX,
and X)

51
Q

Impulses are carried by both

A

cranial and
spinal nerves

52
Q

an auditory, visual, or motor sensation that forewarns the
client that a seizure is about to occur

A

Aura

53
Q

“fainting” sensation

A

Dizziness

54
Q

sensation that the
surroundings are spinning around or that the person is spinning around; often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, nystagmus, and tinnitus

A

Vertigo

55
Q

temporary loss of
consciousness

A
  • Syncope
56
Q

numbness or tinglin

A

Paresthesia –

57
Q

Deficit in the Five Senses
– sense of smell

A

CN I

58
Q

Deficit in the Five Senses
visual acuity, pupillary constriction, and
extraocular movement

A

CN II, III, IV, and VI –

59
Q

Deficit in the Five Senses
– taste

A

CN VII and IX

60
Q

Deficit in the Five Senses
– hearing

A

CN VIII

61
Q

Deficit in the Five Senses
– somatic sensations

A

CN V and dermatomes

62
Q
A

Health Assessment Lec (11 decks)

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