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Micro-EX2- Tye > Respiratory Viruses - Middleton > Flashcards

Respiratory Viruses - Middleton Flashcards

1
Q

Influenza Family, Genome & Virion….

A 
Family = Orthomyxoviridae 
Genome = Segmented (-)ssRNA
Virion = Enveloped
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2
Q

Adenovirus family, Genome & Virion…

A 
Family = Adenoviridae 
Genome = dsDNA
Virion = Non-enveloped
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3
Q

Rhinovirus Family, Genome & Virion…

A 
Family = Picornavirus 
Genome = (+)ssRNA 
Virion = Non-enveloped
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4
Q

Which type of influenza is most common and most severe?

A

Type A

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5
Q

Which type of Influenza has an animal reservoir?

A

Type A (Birds)

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6
Q

How many segments does the Genome of Type A, B & C influenza have?

A

a=8
b=8
c=7

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7
Q

How is influenza virus identified?

A

By surface antigens HA and NA.

* 16 HA stereotypes & 9 NA stereotypes

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8
Q

What is the major determinant for Avian vs Human strains of Type A influenza?

A

HA *HA is also the major determinant for human to human transmission.

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9
Q

_____ is critical to budding with influenza?

A

NA

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10
Q

Describe the process of infection with influenza…

A
  1. Exposure to aerosolized droplets.
  2. attachment
  3. Conformational change by pH change in the endosome.
  4. Membrane fusion
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11
Q

Where does transcription take place with influenza?

A

In the nucleus

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12
Q

Incubation time, Symptoms & Recovery for influenza?

A

Incubation time = 1-4 days (Contagious 1 day before symptoms to 5 days later, Children longer)

Symptoms = Fever, malaise sore throat (Lasts 3-7 days)

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13
Q

Current strains of influenza?

A

H3N2 & H1N1

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14
Q

What are some complications of the influenza virus?

A
  • viral Pneumonia
  • Bacterial Pneumonia
  • Reyes syndrome
  • Otitis Media
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15
Q

Prevention of influenza?

A

Live attenuated vaccine
* Virus may change every year so need yearly vaccine.

Antiviral treatment

  • Amantidine, Rimantidine
  • Blocks entry, inhibits M2 activity

Zanamivir or oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
- Blocks release of button virions.

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16
Q

H5 & H7 Strains can mutate into ________ strains.

A

HPAI

17
Q

What are the 2 highly pathogenic Avian influenza strains?

A

H5 & H7

18
Q

_______ strains have multi-basic residues at HA cleavage site allowing replication throughout the body.

A

HPAI (Causes skin lesions, necrotic & Swollen combs in chickens.)

19
Q

How are Adenoviruses characterized?

A

By their serotype

20
Q

3 Key proteins for Adenovirus?

A

Fiber: cell attachment
Penton base: Cell entry
Hexon: capsid

21
Q

How does Adenovirus enter cell?

A

Via coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR)

  • pH triggered capsid disassembly
  • Moves to nucleus
22
Q

What are the 3 gene expression phases of Adenovirus?

A
  1. Immediate-early: E1A portion of genome
    - 2 transcriptional regulators (cell & Virus)
    - Necessary to reach early stage
  2. Early Phase: 5 genome sections (E1B E2, E3, E4 & L1)
    - DNA replication & Post transcriptional events.
  3. Late Phase: take over cellular mRNA synthesis
23
Q

_______ gene produces proteins important to immune evasion. What does the protein do?

A

E3

  • Blocks MHC
  • Blocks TNF induced apoptosis
  • Blocks IFN-alpha & beta keeping protein translation active.
24
Q

Describe the Genome replication process of Aden virus…

A
  • initiated on either end, identical end sequences
  • Replication in 5–>3 direction, one strand displaced
  • Displaced strand circularizes to allow template copy to be made.
  • Primed by the protein pTP, usual priming strategy.
25
Q

Adenovirus: When does DNA replication occur?

A

During S phase

26
Q

Adenovirus: E1A inactivates ____ leading to ______ phase gene expression.

A

pRb

S phase

27
Q

Adenovirus: E1B inactivates____ leading to ___phase and preventing apoptosis.

A

p53

S phase

28
Q

Adenovirus: Disease &Symptoms

A

Respiratory infections very common
- Typically same symptoms as common cold, nasal congestion, inflammation cough….
Acute respiratory disease (ARD)
- severe pneumonia (seen in military recruits & crowded conditions)
- Vaccine available to military

29
Q

Reservoir for Rhinovirus?

A

Humans only!

30
Q

Vaccines for rhinovirus?

A

No! there are over 100 serotypes which makes vaccine impractical.

31
Q

True or false. Rhino virus is a frequent cause of mud upper respiratory infections.

A

True!

32
Q

Symptoms & Prevention of Rhinovirus…

A 
symptoms = red nose, nasal discharge, epithelial damage
Prevention = No vaccines, No antivirals
33
Q

Describe the infection process of Rhinovirus; Attachment, Incubation, recovery….

A
  • attaches to ICAM-1 or the VLDL receptor
  • Incubation = 1-4 days
  • Duration 2-3 days with detectable virus shedding
  • Virus shedding can take up to 3 weeks.

Micro-EX2- Tye (12 decks)

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