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Micro-EX2- Tye > Childhood Viral Diseases - Middleton > Flashcards

Childhood Viral Diseases - Middleton Flashcards

1
Q

What is the family of virus that causes measles?

A

Paramyxovirus

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2
Q

What is the Genome of the Measles virus?

A

(-) ssRNA

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3
Q

What are the proteins associated tin the measles virus?

A 
L - polymerase 
P - Phosphoprotein 
H - hemagglutinin 
F - fusion
M - matrix
N - nucleocapsid
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4
Q

During replication with the cell, Fusion protein causes what?

A

syncytia formation

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5
Q

How does Measles infection occur?

A

Inhalation of aerosolized droplets

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6
Q

What is the incubation period of measles?

A

10-14 days

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7
Q

What is the characteristic symptoms of measles?

A
  • Rash (Koplik spots) virus & immune response damage to epithelial and endothelial cells.
  • Most deadly of the childhood rash/fever illness.
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8
Q

When do the symptoms occur?

A

Conincides with the second round of virus replication. Occurs in LN, tonsils, lungs, GI tract and spleen —–>secondary viremia

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9
Q

When does recovery from measles occur?

A

Approx. 20 days after infection

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10
Q

What are some possible complications of measles?

A
  • Immune suppression
  • Opportunistic infections
  • Blindness in vitamin A deficient children
  • ( Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (Rare demyelinating disease) 1:1000
  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) - very rare (7 to 10 years after infection progressive neurological deterioration) 1:1,000,000
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11
Q

How do you diagnose measles early on?

A
  • 2-3 days fever + cough
  • coryza & conjunctivitis

*Laboratory = Serology, ELISA or RT-PCR (Virus isolation in culture is possible but difficult.

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12
Q

_______ is one of the most contagious diseases known.

A

Measles

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13
Q

True or false, Humans are the only host for measles?

A

True!

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14
Q

People are contagious _______ days before the measles rash sets in.

A

2-3

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15
Q

Describe the Vaccination for measles..

A
  • Primary option
  • Life long immunity
  • Live attenuated vaccine
  • Safe
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16
Q

What is the family of virus that causes Respiratory Syncytial Virus Biology?

A

Paramyxovirus

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17
Q

What is the genome for RSV?

A

(-) ssRNA

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18
Q

True or false? The Virion is not enveloped in RSV..

A

False! The virion IS enveloped in RSV!

19
Q

What are the proteins associated with RSV?

A 
L - Polymerase
G - Glycoproteins 
F - fusion
M - matrix 
P - Phosphoprotein 
N - Nucleocapsid 
NS1&NS2 - reapplication & immune response
20
Q

How does replication occur with RSV?

A
  • Occurs in the cell similar to measles
  • Infects ciliated cells in the respiratory tract
  • Fusion protein creates syncytia
  • Virus buds from cellular surface
21
Q

How does infection of RSV occur?

A

Inhalation of aerosol, fomites

22
Q

Describe the infectious period and recovery of RSV…

A
  • Incubation period 4-5 days
  • lower respiratory tract symptoms 1-3 days after upper symptoms.
  • Recovery 7-12 days after onset
23
Q

True or false, There is no animal reservoir for RSV?

24
Q

True or false, Infection of RSV yields life long immunity?

A

False! It does not!

25
What are the risk factors for RSV?
- school age siblings - day care attendance * At risk for more severe disease = male, premature birth, second hand smoke exposure & lack of breastfeeding
26
Are there any antivirals or vaccines for RSV?
NO! However, there is Palivizumab ( a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the F protein in RSV)
27
Describe the family, Genome, Virion and Proteins associated with the Varicella Zoster Virus...
``` Family = Alphaherpesvirus Genome = dsDNA, Large Virion = Enveloped Proteins = Hundreds of different proteins ```
28
How does replication occur with Varicella Zoster?
- Replicates in the cell - Active cell for replication - Resting cell = latent infection - Infects neighboring cells first
29
What is the latent infection of VZV?
Shingles
30
Describe the the progression of Chickenpox (VZV)...
``` Infection = inhalation of aerosols Incubation = 10-21 days Symptoms = rash progresses 3-6 days Recovery = 2 weeks post symptom onset. ```
31
What are the best methods for chickenpox prevention?
``` Vaccination - Primary option - Life long immunity - Live attenuated vaccine Antivirals - interferes with genome replication - cannot eliminate latent virus - does not prevent infection of cells - drug resistance has been observed ```
32
What is the family, genome, vision, and proteins associated with the Poliovirus?
``` Family = Picornavirus Genome = (+) ssRNA Virion = Non-enveloped Proteins - Capsid - VP1, VP2, VP3 & VP4 - Non-stucural proteases & polymerases ```
33
With the Poliovirus, the _____ serves as the mRNA.
Genome
34
Where does replication occur in Poliovirus?
In the cell | - Virus particle creates pore in cell membrane
35
Describe the infection and progression of the Poliovirus...
Infection = ingestion of material containing the virus Primary Replication occur sin Peyers patches of small intestine. (Minor Viremia) Secondary replication = Major Viremia Mild disease and then fecal shedding of virus for 6 weeks
36
Where specifically does poliovirus replicate?
In the grey matter of the brain and spinal cord. | *CNS involvement in 1:200
37
What are the best methods for Poliovirus prevention?
Vaccination (Two effective types) - Salk = killed virus - Sabin = Live attenuated
38
Are there any other reservoirs for poliovirus besides humans?
NO!
39
Describe the family, Genome, Virion and Proteins associated with Rotavirus...
``` Family = Reoviridae Genome = dsRNA (11 Segments) Virion = non-enveloped Proteins - VP1 = polymerase -VP2 = RNA transferase - VP3 = transferase - VP4 = attachment & fusion ```
40
Describe replication of Rotavirus...
- replication occurs in cell - Membrane disruption occurs - Genome is never exposed
41
Describe the infection, progression and recovery of Rotavirus...
Infection = ingestion of virus Incubation = 2 days (vomiting and fever) Diarrhea = 2-3 days after vomiting 3-8 days in duration Virus shedding for weeks before onset of symptom onset and days after recovery.
42
How is Rotavirus diagnosed?
By antigens in stool
43
What are the best methods fro prevention of Rotavirus?
- Infant vaccines are available (RotaTeq & Rotarix) - No antivirals - Hygiene (handwashing) - Treatment = oral Rehydration

Micro-EX2- Tye (12 decks)

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