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Micro-EX2- Tye > Childhood Viral Diseases - Middleton > Flashcards

Childhood Viral Diseases - Middleton Flashcards

1
Q

What is the family of virus that causes measles?

A

Paramyxovirus

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2
Q

What is the Genome of the Measles virus?

A

(-) ssRNA

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3
Q

What are the proteins associated tin the measles virus?

A 
L - polymerase 
P - Phosphoprotein 
H - hemagglutinin 
F - fusion
M - matrix
N - nucleocapsid
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4
Q

During replication with the cell, Fusion protein causes what?

A

syncytia formation

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5
Q

How does Measles infection occur?

A

Inhalation of aerosolized droplets

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6
Q

What is the incubation period of measles?

A

10-14 days

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7
Q

What is the characteristic symptoms of measles?

A
  • Rash (Koplik spots) virus & immune response damage to epithelial and endothelial cells.
  • Most deadly of the childhood rash/fever illness.
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8
Q

When do the symptoms occur?

A

Conincides with the second round of virus replication. Occurs in LN, tonsils, lungs, GI tract and spleen —–>secondary viremia

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9
Q

When does recovery from measles occur?

A

Approx. 20 days after infection

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10
Q

What are some possible complications of measles?

A
  • Immune suppression
  • Opportunistic infections
  • Blindness in vitamin A deficient children
  • ( Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (Rare demyelinating disease) 1:1000
  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) - very rare (7 to 10 years after infection progressive neurological deterioration) 1:1,000,000
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11
Q

How do you diagnose measles early on?

A
  • 2-3 days fever + cough
  • coryza & conjunctivitis

*Laboratory = Serology, ELISA or RT-PCR (Virus isolation in culture is possible but difficult.

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12
Q

_______ is one of the most contagious diseases known.

A

Measles

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13
Q

True or false, Humans are the only host for measles?

A

True!

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14
Q

People are contagious _______ days before the measles rash sets in.

A

2-3

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15
Q

Describe the Vaccination for measles..

A
  • Primary option
  • Life long immunity
  • Live attenuated vaccine
  • Safe
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16
Q

What is the family of virus that causes Respiratory Syncytial Virus Biology?

A

Paramyxovirus

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17
Q

What is the genome for RSV?

A

(-) ssRNA

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18
Q

True or false? The Virion is not enveloped in RSV..

A

False! The virion IS enveloped in RSV!

19
Q

What are the proteins associated with RSV?

A 
L - Polymerase
G - Glycoproteins 
F - fusion
M - matrix 
P - Phosphoprotein 
N - Nucleocapsid 
NS1&NS2 - reapplication & immune response
20
Q

How does replication occur with RSV?

A
  • Occurs in the cell similar to measles
  • Infects ciliated cells in the respiratory tract
  • Fusion protein creates syncytia
  • Virus buds from cellular surface
21
Q

How does infection of RSV occur?

A

Inhalation of aerosol, fomites

22
Q

Describe the infectious period and recovery of RSV…

A
  • Incubation period 4-5 days
  • lower respiratory tract symptoms 1-3 days after upper symptoms.
  • Recovery 7-12 days after onset
23
Q

True or false, There is no animal reservoir for RSV?

A

True

24
Q

True or false, Infection of RSV yields life long immunity?

A

False! It does not!

25
Q

What are the risk factors for RSV?

A
  • school age siblings
  • day care attendance
  • At risk for more severe disease = male, premature birth, second hand smoke exposure & lack of breastfeeding
26
Q

Are there any antivirals or vaccines for RSV?

A

NO! However, there is Palivizumab ( a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the F protein in RSV)

27
Q

Describe the family, Genome, Virion and Proteins associated with the Varicella Zoster Virus…

A 
Family = Alphaherpesvirus 
Genome = dsDNA, Large
Virion = Enveloped
Proteins = Hundreds of different proteins
28
Q

How does replication occur with Varicella Zoster?

A
  • Replicates in the cell
  • Active cell for replication
  • Resting cell = latent infection
  • Infects neighboring cells first
29
Q

What is the latent infection of VZV?

A

Shingles

30
Q

Describe the the progression of Chickenpox (VZV)…

A 
Infection = inhalation of aerosols 
Incubation = 10-21 days
Symptoms = rash progresses 3-6 days
Recovery = 2 weeks post symptom onset.
31
Q

What are the best methods for chickenpox prevention?

A 
Vaccination 
- Primary option
- Life long immunity
- Live attenuated vaccine
Antivirals 
- interferes with genome replication 
- cannot eliminate latent virus 
- does not prevent infection of cells
 - drug resistance has been observed
32
Q

What is the family, genome, vision, and proteins associated with the Poliovirus?

A 
Family = Picornavirus 
Genome = (+) ssRNA 
Virion = Non-enveloped
Proteins 
- Capsid - VP1, VP2, VP3 & VP4
- Non-stucural proteases & polymerases
33
Q

With the Poliovirus, the _____ serves as the mRNA.

A

Genome

34
Q

Where does replication occur in Poliovirus?

A

In the cell

- Virus particle creates pore in cell membrane

35
Q

Describe the infection and progression of the Poliovirus…

A

Infection = ingestion of material containing the virus
Primary Replication occur sin Peyers patches of small intestine. (Minor Viremia)
Secondary replication = Major Viremia
Mild disease and then fecal shedding of virus for 6 weeks

36
Q

Where specifically does poliovirus replicate?

A

In the grey matter of the brain and spinal cord.

*CNS involvement in 1:200

37
Q

What are the best methods for Poliovirus prevention?

A

Vaccination (Two effective types)

  • Salk = killed virus
  • Sabin = Live attenuated
38
Q

Are there any other reservoirs for poliovirus besides humans?

A

NO!

39
Q

Describe the family, Genome, Virion and Proteins associated with Rotavirus…

A 
Family = Reoviridae 
Genome = dsRNA (11 Segments)
Virion = non-enveloped
Proteins
- VP1 = polymerase
-VP2 = RNA transferase
- VP3 = transferase
- VP4 = attachment & fusion
40
Q

Describe replication of Rotavirus…

A
  • replication occurs in cell
  • Membrane disruption occurs
  • Genome is never exposed
41
Q

Describe the infection, progression and recovery of Rotavirus…

A

Infection = ingestion of virus
Incubation = 2 days (vomiting and fever)
Diarrhea = 2-3 days after vomiting 3-8 days in duration
Virus shedding for weeks before onset of symptom onset and days after recovery.

42
Q

How is Rotavirus diagnosed?

A

By antigens in stool

43
Q

What are the best methods fro prevention of Rotavirus?

A
  • Infant vaccines are available (RotaTeq & Rotarix)
  • No antivirals
  • Hygiene (handwashing)
  • Treatment = oral Rehydration

Micro-EX2- Tye (12 decks)

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