Respiratory Viruses Flashcards
Who are the higher risk populations for Influenza?
- > 65 years of age
- Young children
- Pregnant women
- Significant PMH (especially chronic lung disease)
What types of influenza infect humans?
Type A and B
What are common symptoms of influenza’s prodrome?
Fever/chills
Cough
Rhinorrhea
Myalgia
Headache
What is the classic symptom triad of influenza used in the clinical diagnosis?
Fever, cough, and pharyngitis
What test is used most often for influenza treatment, but has poor sensitivity?
Rapid antigen tests
What are the complications of adenovirus?
Ear infections
Pneumonia
Meningitis
What is the work-up for adenovirus?
Usually a clinical diagnosis, can do viral culture or PCR
What is the diagnosis for RSV?
PCR
Antigen testing (not sensitive in adults)
Viral culture
CXR: may see findings of bronchiolitis, croup or pneumonia
What type of pneumonia is most common in patients with a decreased cough reflex (irritant receptors)?
Aspiration pneumonia
What is the most likely pathogen associated with aspiration pneumonia?
anaerobic bacteria (stomach acid)
What are the risk factors for aspiration pneumonia?
Impaired swallowing
Impaired consciousness
Reflux/tube feeding
Impaired cough reflex (dementia, ETOH, neurologic dx)
How do you diagnose TB and Leporacy (mycobacteria)?
Acid fast staining
Mycobacteria are more resistant and hard to treat due to what characteristics of the bacterium?
Thick lipid cell wall creates a waxy layer, which makes it more resistant to desiccation, phagocytosis, abx, and dehydration. Allows the bacteria to form a granulomas.
What are the clinical presenting symptoms of TB?
Cough
Hemoptysis
Pleuritic pain
Night sweats
Weight loss
Fatigue
Fevers/chills
A lot like cancer
What is Miliary TB?
Bacteremic infection that spreads to other tissues, typically via the lymphatics. Primarily to lung apices but all organs can be affected.
