Pulmonary Neoplasms Flashcards
Are solid nodules more likely to be benign or malignant?
Benign
Are stippled or eccentric calcifications more likely to be malignant?
Yes, dense central calcifications are more likely to be benign
Are malignant masses typically round?
No, they are more likely to be lobular
Where is an eccentric mass located?
along the sides of the lung
What is the size differentiation between a nodule and a mass?
< 3 cm is a nodule and > 3 cm is a mass
What constitutes a solitary pulmonary nodule?
Discrete, round nodule not fixed to the pleura or chest wall
No lymphadenopathy, infiltrate, or atelectasis
What is the median age of diagnosis for bronchogenic carcinomas?
70, rare before age 40
What are the major risk factors for bronchogenic carcinomas?
- Smoking
- FH
- Pre-excisting pulmonary disease
- Exposure-related risks (secondhand smoke, radon, asbestos ect.)
Non-small cell lung cancer includes what cancer types?
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Large-cell carcinoma (everything else)
What is the presentation of small cell carcinoma?
- Rapid onset of symptoms (8-12 weeks)
- Paraneoplastic syndromes common (Cushing’s)
- Mets common at presentation
- Central bronchial masses
What is the most common type of lung cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
What is the presentation of squamous cell carcinoma?
- Often presents with hemoptysis
- Central (bronchial) masses
Where is a pancoast tumor located?
Apex of the lung and compresses MARMU (brachial plexus)
What is the treatment of small-cell carcinoma?
Chemo (neuro-endocrine) + Radiation
What is the treatment of Stage I/II non-small cell lung cancer without nodes
Resection alone
