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Pulmonary > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathophysiology of pneumonia?

A

Inflammation of the alveoli and bronchioles caused by an infection or aspiration

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2
Q

What is the most deadly hospital acquired infection?

A

Pneumonia

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3
Q

What are the pathogens that can cause pneumonia?

A

Bacteria, viruses, and fungi

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4
Q

What is the most common pathogenic cause of bacteria pneumonia?

A

Strep pneumoniae

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5
Q

What is a common bacterial pneumonia that is associated with mechanical ventilation?

A

Pseudomonas

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6
Q

What are the viral causes of pneumonia?

A

Influenza
RSV
Parainfluenza
Adenovirus
COVID

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7
Q

Patients who are immunocompromised they are likely to be infected with these pathogens besides strep pneumoniae?

A

Staph Aureus
Aspergillus
Candida
gram-negative bacilli

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8
Q

What will be positive on physical exam in community acquired pneumonia?

A

Crackles or Absent lung sounds
+ Egophony and Bronchophony
Increased tactile fremitus
Lobar consolidation

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9
Q

What is the treatment of community acquired pneumonia in an outpatient

A

Azithromycin, Doxycycline, or Levofloxacin

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10
Q

What is a typical cause of community acquired pneumonia?

A

Aspiration

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11
Q

What is the characteristic of the presenting cough in typical community acquired pneumonia vs. atypical community acquired pneumonia?

A

Typical = productive cough
Atypical = dry cough

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12
Q

Where is the antibody against S. pneumonia created?

A

In the spleen

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13
Q

What is the typical treatment in children with community acquired pneumonia in the outpatient setting?

A

Amoxicillin 90mg/kg/day BID

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14
Q

What is the typical treatment in adults with community acquired pneumonia in the inpatient setting?

A

Ceftriaxone PLUS Azithromycin
Or Levofloxacin

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15
Q

What is the typical treatment in pediatrics with community acquired pneumonia in the inpatient setting?

A

Ampicillin (if fully immunized)
Ceftriaxone (if not fully immunized)

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16
Q

Why is Azithromycin the first line treatment in outpatient pneumonia treatment?

A

Only antibiotic that has been found to decrease lung inflammation

17
Q

Atypical pneumonia is more common in what cohort?

A

Children

18
Q

Damage is located where in atypical pneumonia?

A

Damage to the epithelium allowing bacteria to over grow

19
Q

Who are the high risk groups of atypical pneumonia?

A

Children, young adults, college aged

20
Q

What is the treatment for atypical pneumonia caused by Legionnaire’s disease?

A

Levofloxacin, any delay in abx increases risk of mortality

21
Q

How is Legionaire’s disease transmitted?

A

Pathogen grows in water of ventilation symptoms, it is not transmitted human-to-human

22
Q

To be classified as a hospital acquired pneumonia the presentation has to be at least how many hours after admission?

A

48

23
Q

Who are at higher risk for hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Intubation, tracheostomy, immunocompromised, chronic lung disease

24
Q

What is the treatment for hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

No consensus on the best antibiotic treatment

25
Q

What is the leading cause of death for people with HIV worldwide?

A

Pulmonary tuberculosis

26
Q

For patients with HIV what should be the treatment for HIV associated pneumonia?

A

Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin

27
Q

Why are patients with Sickle Cell Disease prone to S. pneumoniae pneumonia?

A

Poor spleen function

28
Q

Why are patients with Cystic Fibrosis more prone to pneumonia?

A

Damaged ciliary bodies and thickened mucous

29
Q

What is the typical pathogen infecting patients with cystic fibrosis causing pneumonia?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

30
Q

What is the treatment of cystic fibrosis pneumonia?

A

Should be treated aggessively inpatient with tobramycin and Pip-tazo

31
Q

What is the treatment of viral pneumonia?

A

Trial albuterol and prednisone, if doesn’t improve or patient gets worse treat with antibiotics because viral infections of the lungs can pre-dispose to bacterial pneumonia

32
Q

What is the cause and vector of fungal pneumonia caused by histoplasma capsulatum?

A

Fungus found in bird and bat droppings

33
Q

What can be used to prevent pneumonia?

A

PCV-20 vaccine
Influenza vaccine

Pulmonary (15 decks)

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