Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Conditions > Respiratory Tract Infection > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What is optochain sensitive?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia is generally what-resistant?

A

Penicillin resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Predisposing factors for nosocomial pneumonia

A

Surgery, intubation, antibiotics, intensive care unit, immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

E. coli and Klebsiella are what?

A

Coliforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Organisms causing nosocomial pneumonia

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coliforms (E.coli, Klebsiella)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment of severe nosocomial pneumonia

A

IV amoxicillin, metronidazole and Gentamicin. Step down to oral co-amoxiclav (total 7-10 days treatment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment of non-severe nosocomial pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin and metronidazole for 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clinical features of legionella pneumophila

A

Flu-like illness, renal failure, GI symptoms, mental confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diagnosis of legionella

A

Serology, legionella urinary antigen. (PCR test on sputum also available)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment for legionnaires disease

A

Erythromycin/clarithromycin

Fluoroquinolones e.g levofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment of PCP

A

Cotriamoxazole, pentamidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

You would use a bronchoalveolar lavage or identification of cysts in induced sputum to identify what?

A

PCP. Who gets PCP? AIDS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Organism causing acute epiglottitis?

A

Haemophilus influenza (gram negative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chocolate culture with small translucent colonies/ X and V test used to confirm what?

A

Haemophilus influenza causing actue epiglottitis. H. influenza requires both factors X and V to grow. Diagnosis by blood culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment for acute epiglottitis?

A

ITU and ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Haemophilus influenze, streptococcus pneumonia and moraxella catarrhalis can cause what?

A

Exacerbations of COPD (all 3 organisms are present in the normal upper respiratory tract flora)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Casual bacteria not good for cystic fibrosis

A

Haemophilus influenza, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aureginosa, Burkholderia cepacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can Aspergillus fumigatus cause?

A

Severe pneumonia/systemic infection/aspergillus (in immunocompromised) Diagnosed by culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is I.V amphotericin B used to treat?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acid alcohol fast bacilli?

A

Mycobacterium lawl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What grows on Lowenstein-Jensen medium?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What grows on Bordet-Gengal medium?

A

Bordatella pertusis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is tuberculosis transmissable between humans?

A

Yes. The mycobacterial species themselves are not directly transmissable

24
Q

Drawback of Ziehl-Neisson stain

A

You cannot identify the species or tell what antibiotic they are resistant to. (Remember they appear as red rods on the stain). PCR provides information of species and some on sensitivity.

25
Q

Direct immunofluorescence used for what?

A

PCP

26
Q

Forms of respiratory infection spread?

A

Droplet spread, airborne precautions

27
Q

Anti-virals used in treatment of flu

A

Ozeltamivir, Zanimivir

28
Q

Lab confirmation of Flu

A

PCR (nasopharyngeal swab, throat swab)
immunofluorescence
antigen detector (near patient)
virus culture

29
Q

What does the killed influenza vaccine contain?

A

2 influenza A viruses, 1 influenza B virus

30
Q

Other causes of community acquired pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia, Coxiella burnetti, Chlamydia

31
Q

Treatment of community acquired pneumonia

A

Tetracycline and macrolides (e.g. clarithromycin)

32
Q

Who is affected by community acquired pneumonia?

A

Young children, old adults (person-person spread)

33
Q

Coxiella burnetti (Q fever) causes what?

A

Pneumonia, fever

34
Q

Complications of coxiella burnetti (Q fever) ?

A

Culture negative endocarditis

35
Q

Chlamydia pstittici causes what?

A

Psittacosis (and this usually presents as pneumonia

36
Q

Clinical presentation of severe bronchiolitis?

A

Grunting, sternal indrawing. Complications of bronchiolitis include respiratory/cardiac failure

37
Q

Main cause of bronchiolitis?

A

Respiratory syncitial virus.
Bronchiolitis epidemics common in winter, no vaccine, nosocomial spread in hospitals. passive immunisation has poor efficacy

38
Q

Metapneumovirus symptoms similar to those of?

A

RSV. (range of severity from mild to requiring ventilation)

39
Q

What may be second only to RSV in bronchiolitis?

A

Metapneumovirus

40
Q

Laboratory confirmation of metapneumovirus?

A

PCR

41
Q

What is chlamydia trachomatis?

A

STI which can cause infantile pneumoniae. (Diagnosis by PCR on urine of mother or by nasal swab of child)

42
Q

What does chlamydia pneumonia cause?

A

Mostly mild respiratory infections. May be picked up by test for psittacosis.

43
Q

Presentation of Pertussis

A

Acute tracheobronchitis

44
Q

Acute tracheobronchitis is the clinical presentation of what?

A

Pertussis

45
Q

Sinusitis and acute bronchitis complications of what?

A

Coryza

46
Q

Characteristic of diptheria?

A

Pseudo-membrane

47
Q

Chest X-ray and examination in bronchitis?

A

Normal. May have transient wheeze

48
Q

When are antibiotics indicated in bronchitis?

A

When they have underlying lung disease, otherwise they are not indicated.

49
Q

Acute exacerbation of bronchitis symptoms

A

Wheeze, coarse crackles, may be cyanosed, breathless, ankle oedema (in advanced cases)

50
Q

Treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis

A

Antibiotics (e.g doxycycline or amoxicillin)
Bronchodilators
Short course of steroids in some cases

51
Q

Will you hear crackles and rub in pneumonia?

A

Yeah man

52
Q 
Other severity markers of pneumonia:
Temperature
Cyanosis PaO2
WCC
Multi-lobar involvement
A

Temperature: 40
Cyanosis: PaO230

53
Q

Chest symptoms may be absent in which kind of pneumonia?

A

Legionella

54
Q

What is primary influenzal pneumonia?

A

Complication of influenza. Dry cough, bloody sputum and respiratory failure within 24 hours of initial fever

55
Q

What is secondary bacterial pneumonia?

A

When you get a new fever on day 7 after your initial (flu) fever

56
Q

Myositis (cardiac and skeletal), encephalitis and depression can be complications of what?

A

Influenza

57
Q

Benefits of oseltamivir?

A

Shortens symptoms by 1 day. Reduced use of antibiotics

Conditions (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions