Respiratory Diseases in Childhood

Question 1

Treatment for acute asthma

Answer 1

Oxygen
Nebulised bronchodilator
Oral prednisolone
IV salbutamol
IV aminophylline
IV magnesium
Ventilatory support

Question 2

What are bronchial breathing and increased vocal fremitus signs of?

Answer 2

Consolidation

Question 3

7 causes of bronchial breath sounds

Answer 3

ARDS
Atelectasis
Bronchiectasis
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Lobar pneumonia
Lung collapse
Pneumonia

Question 4

Laryngomalacia?

Answer 4

The most common cause of stridor in infancy

The cartilage of the larynx collapses causing airway obstruction

Question 5

What does croup look like on an x-ray?

Answer 5

Classic ‘steeple’ sign
Distension at the hypopharynx
Narrowing of the tracheal air column at the larynx

Question 6

Viral laryngotracheobronchitis?

Answer 6

Croup

Question 7

Treatment of croup?

Answer 7

Oral steroid to reduce inflammation

Question 8

What increases risk of pneumothorax?

Answer 8

IPPV, CPAP, ventilation, RDS (can also occur spontaneously)

Question 9

What is chronic lung disease?

Answer 9

Oxygen requirement beyond 36 weeks corrected gestation PLUS evidence of parenchymal lung disease on CXR

Question 10

Generally, what does chronic lung disease follow?

Answer 10

RDS

healing is associated with continued lung growth over 2-3 years

Question 11

A condition with raised immunoreactive trypsin?

Answer 11

Cystic fibrosis

Question 12

Treatment of respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 12

Steroids (stimulates surfactant production)