Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Conditions > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

0
Q

The two main causes of atrial fibrillation

A

Hypertension

Heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Differential diagnosis of angina

A

Aortic valve stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The three main causes of palpitations

A

Hypertension
Heart failure
Ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clinical signs of valvular disease

A

SOB, chest pain & dizzy (on exertion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

New York Hear Association Functional Classification

A

Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of murmurs are louder with inspiration?

A

Right sided murmurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Valves conditions that present with displaced apex beat

A

Mitral regurgitation

Aortic regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Valve condition with forceful apex

A

Aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Valve condition with tapping apex

A

Mitral stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of right bundle branch block

A

Congenital heart disease
Pulmonary disease
Myocardial disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of left bundle branch block

A

Left ventricular outflow obstruction

Coronary artery disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which murmur is best heard at the lower left sternal angle?

A

Aortic regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Valve condition with straight left heart border?

A

Mitral stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Valve condition which may present with malar flush?

A

Mitral stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Causes of aortic stenosis

A
  • Congenital bicuspid valve
  • Age related
  • Rheumatic fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of mitral regurgitation

A

Damage to leaflets, chordae, papillary muscle, ventricle

16
Q

Causes of mitral stenosis

A

-Rheumatic heart disease

Rarely congenital

17
Q

Cause of aortic regurgitation

A

Damage to:

  • the leaflets
  • annulus
18
Q

Treatment of aortic/mitral stenosis

A

Balloon valvuloplasty

19
Q

Conns syndrome

A

Aldosterone producing adenoma

20
Q

What causes an increased intensity of P2? (Louder at left parasternal 2nd intercostal space

A
  • Pulmonary hypertension

- ASD

21
Q

What causes a wide splitting of P2?

Wide splitting is expiration, fixed splitting in both inspiration and expiration

A
  • Anything that delays conduction down right bundle (RBBB,pre-excitation of left ventricle, pacing of left ventricle, premature LV beats)
  • pulmonary stenosis
  • pulmonary arterial hypertension
22
Q

What causes fixed splitting?

A
  • ASD (due to continuous blood flow from left to right side of heart leading to lengthened cardiac cycle on right)
  • Right heart failure
  • Pulmonary hypertension
23
Q

Signs of heart failure?

A
  • breathlessness
  • extreme tiredness
  • ankle swelling
24
Q

Brain natriuretic levels are raised in which condition?

A

-heart failure

25
Q

What are creatinine levels used to measure?

A

Kidney disease

26
Q

Dextrocardia

A

When the heart is on the right side

27
Q

What might echocardiography show in marfans?

A
  • mitral valve prolapse

- mitral regurgitation

28
Q

Virus causing acute epiglottitis?

A

Haemophilus influenzae type b

29
Q

When are varicose veins most prominent?

A

When standing

30
Q

Complications of varicose veins?

A

Bleeding and bruising
Thrombophlebitis
Chronic venous insufficiency

31
Q

Chronic venous insufficiency caused by varicose veins?

A

Haemosiderin deposits
Lipodermatosclerosis
Ulceration

32
Q

First aid treatment for bleeding varicose veins?

A

Pressure and elevation

33
Q

Term to describe a break in the skin for at least 6/52 between the malleoli and the tibial tuberosity presumed to be venous disease?

A

Chronic venous ulceration lawl

34
Q

Clinical features of lipidermatosclerosis

A

White cells, inflammation and fibrosis

35
Q

Investigation of varicose veins?

A

Duplex scan. Focuses on 2 main issues:

  • State of the deeps veins (occlusion/incompetence)
  • Saphenofemoral/saphenopopliteal incompetence
36
Q

When is compression contraindicated for treatment of varicose veins?

A

When the patient has a low ABPI

37
Q

Aetiology of varicose veins?

A

Primary and post pregnancy

SECONDARY TO DDVT

Conditions (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions