Respiratory System - Wet Room St. 1 and 2 Flashcards
What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?
- Nasal cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
What is the larynx?
- Set of cartilages, membranes and ligaments
- Produce sound from exhaled air causing them to vibrate
What nerve innervates the larynx?
- Vagus
- Hyoid bone
- Epiglottis
- Vestibular ligament
- Vocal ligament
- Thyroid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage
- Trachea
Which cartilage in the larynx forms the adams apple?
Thyroid cartilage
Which structure in the larynx prevents solids and liquids from entering the lungs?
Epiglottis
What does the lower respiratory tract consist of?
- Trachea
- Main bronchi
- Secondary bronchi
- Lungs
- Pleurae
Where is the LRT almost entirely located?
Thorax
Where does the LRT get nervous innervation?
- Sympathetic fibres in the upper thorax
- Pulmonary plexuses located at the termination of the main bronchi
- Parasympathetic fibres from the vagus
Arterial supply of the LRT?
- Bronchial arteries arising from the thoracic aorta
- Intercostal arteries
What drains the blood from the LRT?
- Bronchial veins
- Azygous venous system
What vertebral level does the trachea start?
C6
When does the trachea end?
When it bifurcates at T4
How many cartilaginous rings comprise the trachea?
15-20
What is the muscle completing the tracheal rings posteriorly?
Trachealis
What is the final cartilaginous ring at the bifurcation called?
Carina
What organ lies directly posterior to the trachea?
- Oesophagus
What arteries lie immediately lateral to the trachea?
- Common carotids
What nerve lies immediately lateral to the trachea?
Vagus
Which main bronchi is shorter, wider and more vertical?
Right
What does the more vertical nature of the right main bronchus mean?
- Inhaled objects are more likely to get stuck here
What two major arteries arch over the left main bronchus?
- Left pulmonary artery
- Aorta
What is the name of the superior branch of the right main bronchus?
Eparterial or superior lobar bronchus
How do the bronchi transition throughout the lung from main bronchi to alveoli?
- Main bronchi
> Secondary
> Tertiary
> Terminal
> Respiratory
> Alveoli
What physical changes occur to the airway as the advance from bronchi to alveoli?
- Loss of cartilage
- Gain of elastic content
- Smooth muscle
What lymph nodes lie between the main bronchi?
- Tracheobronchial
What lymph is drained by the tracheobronchial lymph nodes?
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
What lymph nodes lie at the hilum of the lung?
- Bronchomediastinal lymph nodes
