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1st Year Anatomy > Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

Bones in the long axis of the body

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2
Q

Appendicular skeleton?

A

Bones attached to axial skeleton

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3
Q

Which 2 bones make up the upper limb girdle?

A

Clavicle and Scapula

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4
Q

Which 3 bones make up the lower limb girdle?

A

Illium, Ischium and pubis

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5
Q

What two major parts are long bones made of?

A

Diaphysis and Epiphysis

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6
Q

What structures are found in the epiphysis?

A
  • Spongy bone
  • Epiphyseal line
  • Articular cartilage
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7
Q

Describe the structures that are found in the diaphysis

A
  • Medullary cavity
  • Nutrient foramen
  • Endosteum
  • Periosteum
  • Marrow
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8
Q

What is the function of cortical bone?

A
  • Support
  • Protection
  • Calcium store
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9
Q

Function of spongy bone?

A
  • Bone marrow
  • Haematopoeisis
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10
Q

Two functions of the periosteum?

A
  • Allows bone to attach to muscle
  • Allows pathway for blood vessels
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11
Q

Where is the metaphysis located?

A

Between the epiphysis and diaphysis

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12
Q

How does increase in width of bone occur?

A
  • Appositional growth
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13
Q

How does lenthening growth of bone occur?

A

Interstitial growth

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14
Q

Which part of the diaphysis will give rise to appositional growth?

A

Periosteum

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15
Q

Where in the epiphysis will interstitial growth occur?

A

Epiphyseal growth plate

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16
Q

What are the 6 classifications of bones? (FISSSIL)

A
  • Flat
  • Irregular
  • Short
  • Sesamoid
  • Sutural
  • Long
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17
Q

Give 2 examples of long bones

A
  • Humerus
  • Femur
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18
Q

Give an example of an irregular bone

A

Vertebra

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19
Q

Give 2 examples of flat bone

A

Bones of the skull and ribs

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20
Q

Give 2 examples of short bones

A

Carpals and tarsals

21
Q

Give an example of a sesamoid bone

A

Patella

22
Q

What is the function of the patella?

A
  • Relieve pressure
  • Reduce friction
  • Can change the way muscle pulls
23
Q

Identify structures 4-7 on the image of the posterior elbow

A
  1. Olecranon
  2. Medial Epicondyle
  3. Ulna
  4. Radius
24
Q

Identify structures on the anterior elbow (except 2,4,11)

A
  1. Humeral Shaft
  2. Lateral epicondyle
  3. Radial head
  4. Radial neck
  5. Radial tuberosity
  6. Radial shaft
  7. Ulnar shaft
  8. Radial notch of ulna
  9. Trochlea
  10. Medial epicondyle
25
Q

Identify the structures 1-5 at the proximal end of the anterior humerus

A
  1. Greater tuberosity
  2. Intertubercular groove
  3. Humeral head
  4. Lesser tuberosity
  5. Surgical neck
26
Q

Identify the structures 1 and 2 on the proximal end of the posterior humerus

A
  1. Greater tuberosity
  2. Humeral head
27
Q

What attaches to a tuberosity?

A

Ligaments

28
Q

Name the joint labelled 7

A

Articular facets

29
Q

Identify label F

A

Transverse foramen

30
Q

What structure is coloured red?

A

Glenoid fossa

31
Q

What is a “fossa”?

A

A shallow depression

32
Q

Identify the labelled structure

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

33
Q

What type of ossification occurs at the bones in the head and the clavicle?

A

Intramembraneous ossification

34
Q

What type of ossification occurs at any other bones in the body?

A

Endochronal ossification

35
Q

What type of joint is found between the epiphysis and diaphysis (epiphyseal growth plate)?

A

Primary cartilaginous joint

36
Q

What type of joint is shown here?

A

Primary cartilaginous

37
Q

What type of joint is shown here and is it synovial?

A

Ball and socket - yes

38
Q

What type of joint is the elbow and knee?

A

Synovial hinge

39
Q

What type of joint is shown here labelled the interosseous membrane?

A

Syndesmoses

40
Q

Identify the structures shown on the posterior knee (except D, E, F, L, M)

A

A. femur

B. patella

C. lateral condyle

G. fibula

H. tibia

I. medial condyle

J. PCL

K. ACL

N. Patellar ligament

41
Q

Identify the structures on the anterior knee

A
  1. medial condyle
  2. posterior cruciate ligament
  3. anterior cruciate ligament
  4. medial collateral ligament
  5. patellar ligament
  6. tibia
  7. fibula
  8. lateral meniscus
  9. lateral condyle
  10. femur
42
Q

What movement is shown here and what is the opposite of it?

A

Adduction, opposite is abduction

43
Q

What movement is shown here and what is its opposite??

A

Extension of the deltoid, flexion is opposite

44
Q

What movement is shown on the left and right respectively?

A

Left: Depression

Right: Elevation

45
Q

What movements are shown here?

A

Left: protraction

Right: retraction

46
Q

What movement is shown here?

A

Circumduction

47
Q

What movements are shown here?

A

Left: pronation

Right: supination

48
Q

What movements are shown here?

A

Left: inversion

Right: eversion

1st Year Anatomy (15 decks)

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