Respiratory System - Dry Room St. 3 and 4 Flashcards
What 3 muscle layers, from superficial to deep, lie in an intercostal space?
Superficial = External intercostal
Intermediate = Internal intercostal
Deep = Innermost intercostal
What is the orientation of the external intercostal muscle fibre?
Inferior medial
What is the orientation of the internal intercostal muscle fibre?
- Inferior posterior
What is the orientation of the innermost intercostal muscle fibre?
Inferior
Between which two intercostal muscles in the neurovascular bundle located?
Innermost and internal
In which area of the rib is the neurovascular bundle located?
Costal groove
Why do the external and internal intercostal muscles not occupy the whole intercostal space?
- They become tendinous and develop into a thin aponeurosis called the intercostal membrane
What is shown here by B?
Transversus Thoracis
What is shown here by the stars?
Subcostalis
Where is normal placement of a chest drain?
- 5th intercostal space mid axillary line directly above inferior rib to avoid neurovascular bundle
List the tissue layers of the chest wall the needle will go through
- Skin
- Superficial fascia
- Deep fascia
- External intercostal
- Internal
- Innermost intercostal
- Parietal pleura into the pleural cavity
What do dermatomes correspond with on the chest wall?
Intercostal spaces
What is a dermatome?
Area of skin innervated by a single sensory nerve
At the sternal angle dermatome C4 lies immediately above T2 instead of C5, why is this?
Dermatomes C5-T1 are the upper limbs
What is the dermatome of the sternal angle?
T2
Dermatome of nipple area
T4
Dermatome of umbillicus?
T10
Dermatome of inguinal region?
L1
Which rami of the typical spinal nerve supplies the dermatomes of the anteriolateral chest wall?
Ventral
Which rami of the typical spinal nerve supplies the dermatomes of the posterior chest wall?
Dorsal
What is shingles?
Herpes infection of a nerve and it’s axon
How does shingles manifest related to dermatomes?
Manifests as a rash on the skin in the dermatome position of the nerve it’s infected
What is lymph?
Essentially plasma that has leaked from capillary beds due to hydrostatic pressure
What tissues don’t have lymphatic drainage?
- Cartilage
- Eyes
- Inner ear
- Brain and spinal cord
What are the locations of major groups of lymph nodes?
- Root of upper limb (axillary)
- Root of lower limb (superficial and deep inguinal)
- Around the pectoralis major muscle (pectoral)
- Bifurcation of trachea in thorax (tracheobronchial)
- Around root of arteries in abdomen and pelvis (lumbar/pelvic)
- Superficial and deep groups in head and neck (superficial and deep cervical)
Where do lymph nodes tend to cluster?
Around large veins
Where is the base (glandular) area of the breast located?
Between ribs 2 - 6 and between the lateral border of the sternum and mid axillary line
How many lobes are contained in the glandular part of the breast?
16 - 20
What surrounds the lobes of the glandular part of the breast?
Adipose tissue
