Respiratory System - Dry Room St. 3 and 4

Question 1

What 3 muscle layers, from superficial to deep, lie in an intercostal space?

Answer 1

Superficial = External intercostal

Intermediate = Internal intercostal

Deep = Innermost intercostal

Question 2

What is the orientation of the external intercostal muscle fibre?

Answer 2

Inferior medial

Question 3

What is the orientation of the internal intercostal muscle fibre?

Answer 3

• Inferior posterior

Question 4

What is the orientation of the innermost intercostal muscle fibre?

Answer 4

Inferior

Question 5

Between which two intercostal muscles in the neurovascular bundle located?

Answer 5

Innermost and internal

Question 6

In which area of the rib is the neurovascular bundle located?

Answer 6

Costal groove

Question 7

Why do the external and internal intercostal muscles not occupy the whole intercostal space?

Answer 7

• They become tendinous and develop into a thin aponeurosis called the intercostal membrane

Question 8

What is shown here by B?

Answer 8

Transversus Thoracis

Question 9

What is shown here by the stars?

Answer 9

Subcostalis

Question 10

Where is normal placement of a chest drain?

Answer 10

• 5th intercostal space mid axillary line directly above inferior rib to avoid neurovascular bundle

Question 11

List the tissue layers of the chest wall the needle will go through

Answer 11

• Skin
• Superficial fascia
• Deep fascia
• External intercostal
• Internal
• Innermost intercostal
• Parietal pleura into the pleural cavity

Question 12

What do dermatomes correspond with on the chest wall?

Answer 12

Intercostal spaces

Question 13

What is a dermatome?

Answer 13

Area of skin innervated by a single sensory nerve

Question 14

At the sternal angle dermatome C4 lies immediately above T2 instead of C5, why is this?

Answer 14

Dermatomes C5-T1 are the upper limbs

Question 15

What is the dermatome of the sternal angle?

Answer 15

T2

Question 16

Dermatome of nipple area

Answer 16

T4

Question 17

Dermatome of umbillicus?

Answer 17

T10

Question 18

Dermatome of inguinal region?

Answer 18

L1

Question 19

Which rami of the typical spinal nerve supplies the dermatomes of the anteriolateral chest wall?

Answer 19

Ventral

Question 20

Which rami of the typical spinal nerve supplies the dermatomes of the posterior chest wall?

Answer 20

Dorsal

Question 21

What is shingles?

Answer 21

Herpes infection of a nerve and it’s axon

Question 22

How does shingles manifest related to dermatomes?

Answer 22

Manifests as a rash on the skin in the dermatome position of the nerve it’s infected

Question 23

What is lymph?

Answer 23

Essentially plasma that has leaked from capillary beds due to hydrostatic pressure

Question 24

What tissues don’t have lymphatic drainage?

Answer 24

• Cartilage
• Eyes
• Inner ear
• Brain and spinal cord

Question 25

What are the locations of major groups of lymph nodes?

Answer 25

- Root of upper limb (axillary) - Root of lower limb (superficial and deep inguinal) - Around the pectoralis major muscle (pectoral) - Bifurcation of trachea in thorax (tracheobronchial) - Around root of arteries in abdomen and pelvis (lumbar/pelvic) - Superficial and deep groups in head and neck (superficial and deep cervical)

Question 26

Where do lymph nodes tend to cluster?

Answer 26

Around large veins

Question 27

Where is the base (glandular) area of the breast located?

Answer 27

Between ribs 2 - 6 and between the lateral border of the sternum and mid axillary line

Question 28

How many lobes are contained in the glandular part of the breast?

Answer 28

16 - 20

Question 29

What surrounds the lobes of the glandular part of the breast?

Answer 29

Adipose tissue