Respiratory System Quiz

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

Organisms obtain oxygen which is necessary for the release of energy from food (breathing)

Question 2

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 2

Reactions by which organisms release the chemical energy of food (glucose)

Formula- C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2 + H2O + energy

Occurs mostly in mitochondria

Question 3

What is the order and function of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

1. Nasal passages (filters, warms and traps dirt)
2. Pharynx (divining point which continues to either trachea or esophagus)
3. Epiglottis (covers trachea on swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs)
4. Larynx (contains vocal chords)
5. Trachea (passes air from pharynx to lungs; contains rings of cartilage for support to keep it open)
6. Bronchi (pass air from trachea to bronchioles in each lung
7. Bronchioles (branch off the bronchi; pass air from bronchus to alveoli)
8. Alveoli (contain the pulmonary capillaries and are the sites of gas exchange with the circulatory system)

Question 4

What are the pleural membranes?

Answer 4

Surrounds the lung and lines the inner wall of the chest cavity

Holds it all together

Question 5

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 5

Sheet of muscle that separates the organs of the thoracic/chest cavity from those in the abdominal cavity

Question 6

What are the intercostal muscles?

Answer 6

Between the ribs and contract during breathing

Question 7

What are the lungs?

Answer 7

Enclosed w/in the thoracic cavity and protected by rib cage; thin permeable membrane for diffusion; large surface area for gas exchange

Question 8

How do we breathe?

Answer 8

Inspiration: inhaling air into the lungs

Expiration: exhaling air from the lungs

Question 9

What happens in inhalation?

Answer 9

Diaphragm contracts and moves downward

Rib muscles contract and cage moves out

Result: increase of volume in chest cavity; lowers air pressure in chest; air moves down the trachea into lungs filling extra space

Question 10

What is exhalation?

Answer 10

Diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards; Ribs relax and moves in and down; Result: decreases volume; increases pressure in chest; air moves out of lungs

Question 11

What do red blood cells contain?

Answer 11

Hemoglobin which contains 4 atoms of iron and each atom bonds a molecule of oxygen

Question 12

How is oxygen transported?

Answer 12

Oxygen in lungs diffuses from alveoli to red blood cells in capillaries

Oxygenated blood travels to the heart where blood is pumped to tissues

Oxygen diffuse from RBC to tissues

Question 13

How is carbon dioxide transported?

Answer 13

CO2 diffuses from tissues into RBC

Deoxygenated blood travels to heart

Heart pumps blood to lungs where CO2 diffuses from RBC to alveoli and CO2 is exhaled

Question 14

What is asthma?

Answer 14

Caused by inflammation and swelling of the bronchi and bronchioles

It reduces blood flow

Not curable but medication can make it easier to live with

Question 15

What is influenza?

Answer 15

Virus spread by person to person or airborne

Causes coughing and sore throat among other symptoms

Goes away without treatment eventually but medication can lessen symptoms and reduce length

Question 16

What is pneumonia?

Answer 16

Infection in lungs caused by bacteria, virus or fungi

Causes inflammation, can prevent gas exchange, shortness of breath and coughing

Treated with antibiotics; can be fatal if not treated

Question 17

What is chronic pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Answer 17

Combination of bronchitis and emphysema; mostly caused by cigarette smoke, but also pollution dust and fumes

Causes irritation and inflammation of airways; reduces airflow; damage alveoli

No cure; proper management, medications and lifestyle changes help alleviate symptoms

Question 18

What is tuberculosis?

Answer 18

Bacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

Damages lung tissues and interferes with gas exchange

Antibiotics mostly work but can be deadly

Question 19

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 19

Defective gene that influences mucus production

Mucus clogs airways and airflow is restricted; more susceptible to lung infections

Clearing excess mucus and antibiotics for infections are treatments and possibly even lung transplants if possible and or necessary

Question 20

What are the effects of smoking?

Answer 20

Causes lung cancer, COPD, asthma etc

3 components - nicotine (addictive as it produces dopamine and endorphins) carbon monoxide (keeps respiratory system from delivering o2 to cells as hemoglobin picks it up instead) tar (accumulates in alveoli preventing gas exchange)

Question 21

What are artificial lungs?

Answer 21

iLA membrane ventilator hooked up to the body by 2 tubes

Removes carbon dioxide from blood by diffusing it into a hallow-fiber membrane that acts as artificial alveoli

Also diffuses a small amount of oxygen

Question 22

What are lung transplants?

Answer 22

replacing one or both diseased lungs with healthy lungs

Can receive just a portion of lung if able to or entire lung

Blood and tissue type must match

Can be rejected if right medication isn’t taken or other factors like other medical conditions and environmental factors

Always risk of dying in any surgery