Mitosis and Meiosis Quiz

Question 1

What are the functions of Mitosis?

Answer 1

• necessary for growth, repair of damaged tissue and organs, and maintenance of replacing offspring

Question 2

What is interphase?

Answer 2

3 parts
• G1: major period of growth, cell is synthesizing new molecules and organelles
• S: DNA is replicated, uncondensed fibers of chromatin duplicate
• G2: a final period of growth by synthesizing more molecules is needed before heading into cell division

Question 3

What is Prophase? (5)

Answer 3

• chromatin condenses to form visible chromatids
• 2 halves connected at a centromere now considered a chromosome pair (sister chromatids)
• nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappears
• centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell
• spindle fibers start to form between the 2 centrioles

Question 4

What is Metaphase? (2)

Answer 4

• spindle fibers attach to the centromeres and guide them to the cells equator while lining them up single file
• one spindle fiber attached to one chromatid, other attached to the other chromatid

Question 5

What is Anaphase? (1)

Answer 5

• centromeres split apart and chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers

Question 6

What is telophase?

Answer 6

• chromatids (now a single non-replicated chromosome) reach opposite poles
• chromosomes begin to unwind to become less visible stands of chromatin
• spindle fibers break down, a new nuclear membrane forms around each set and a nucleolus forms within each nucleus

Question 7

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 7

• rest of the cell divides by separation of the cytoplasm and other organelles
• cell membrane punches in to form 2 identical daughter cells (in plant cells a plate forms)

Question 8

What is meiosis?

Answer 8

Cell division that results in four cells with half the number of chromosomes (23 in humans)

Question 9

After interphase (same as in mitosis), what is prophase I? (3)

Answer 9

• each pair of chromosomes is lined up side by side (called synapsis)
• chromosomes are held tightly together and may experience crossing over
• this homologous pairing is made up of 4 chromatids called a tetrad

Question 10

What is Metaphase I? (2)

Answer 10

• homologous chromosomes line up randomly (but in pairs) across the equator of the cell
• spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes

Question 11

What is Anaphase I? (2)

Answer 11

• Homologous chromosomes are separated and move along spindle fibers towards the poles at the ends of the cell
• the chromosome # is reduced from diploid to haploid

Question 12

What is Telophase I? (2)

Answer 12

• cell begins to divide into 2 daughter cells

* each daughter cell can get any combination of maternal and paternal chromosomes

Question 13

What is Prophase II? (2)

Answer 13

• nuclear membrane dissolves in both daughter cells and spindle fibers begin to form
• these cells at haploid

Question 14

What is metaphase II? (2)

Answer 14

• the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell
• sister chromatids remain attached at their centromeres
(Cells still separated, each doing this on their own)

Question 15

What is anaphase II? (2)

Answer 15

• centromeres split and sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
• chromatids are now single stranded chromosomes

Question 16

What is telophase II and cytokinesis?

Answer 16

• chromosomes are encompassed in nuclear membranes

* rest of the cell separates and 4 new cells are formed, each with 1/2 the number of chromosomes