Respiratory System Pt. 3 Flashcards
How is croup diagnosed?
Characteristic cough
What vaccines can prevent croup?
Diphtheria, Hib, and measles
Wha is another name for coccidioidomycosis?
San Joaquin valley fever
What other conditions does coccidioidomycosis resemble?
Pneumonia or tuberculosis
What is unique about the symptomatology of coccidioidomycosis?
60% of patients show no or few symptoms
Disseminiation of coccidioidomycosis typically occurs in what group of individuals?
Immunocompromised
Dissemination of coccidioidomycosis to the CNS has what results?
Meningitis, headache, nausea, and emotional disturbance
Where can coccidioidomycosis disseminate?
Bones, joints, subcutaneous tissue, CNS
What pathogen is responsible for coccidioidomycosis?
Coccidioides immitis
What occurs to Coccidioides immitis at human body temperature?
Assumes yeast form
Where does coccidioidomycosis almost exclusively occur?
Southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico
How is coccidioidomycosis acquired?
Fungal spores from soil enter the body through inhalation
What can serve as a vehicle of infection for coccidioidomycosis?
Dust from endemic areas and coats materials including tourist items like Native American pots and blankets sold to tourists
How is coccidioidomycosis diagnosed?
Presence of spherules in clinical specimens
How is coccidioidomycosis treated?
Amphotericin B
What is the issue of coccidioidomycosis dissemination to the CNS?
Fatal without treatment
What is another name for Blastomycosis?
Gilchrist’s disease
What kinds of symptoms result from blastomycosis?
Flu-like
What is the issue with blastomycosis?
Purulent pulmonary lesions resulting in tissue death and cavity formation
Does blastomycosis usually become chronic?
Can, but the disease usually resolves in most people
What pathogen is responsible for blastomycosis?
Blastomyces dermatitidis
What happens to Blastomyces dermatitidis at room temperature?
Becomes pathogenic yeast form
Where is blastomycosis endemic?
Southeastern US north to Canada
How is blastomycosis acquired?
Inhalation of dust carrying fungal spores
How is blastomycosis treated?
Antifungal medication
Relapse of blastomycosis is common among what group of people?
AIDS patients
Paracoccidioidomycosis is similar to what other conditions?
Coccidiodomycosis and blastomycosis
What issue is a result of paracoccidioidomycosis?
Chronic inflammatory disease of mucous membranes resulting in painful ulcerated lesions of gums, tongue, lips, palate
What pathogen is responsible for paracoccidioidomycosis?
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Where is paracoccidioidomycosis seen?
Southern Mexico and regions of South America
How is paracoccidioidomycosis acquired?
Inhalation
How is paracoccidioidomycosis treated?
Amphotericin B or ketoconazole
What is another name for histoplasmosis?
Ohio River Valley disease
What is unique about the symptoms of histoplasmosis?
95% asymptomatic
Those who aren’t symptomatic with histoplamosis develop what kinds of symptoms?
Coughing with bloody sputum or skin lesions (5% clinical histoplasmosis)
What pathogen is responsible for histoplasmosis?
Histoplasma capsulatum
What is the most common fungal pathogen affecting humans?
Histoplasma capsulatum
What happens to Histoplasma capsulatum at human body temperature?
Becomes pathogenic yeast form
Where is histoplasmosis most common?
Eastern/midwestern U.S. (states along Ohio River valley and lower Mississippi River), Africa, Asia
What unique signs can be seen on a chest X-ray of one with histoplasmosis?
Granulomas
What is unique about immunocompromised patients with histoplasmosis?
Usually resolve without treatment
What is the treatment for severe histoplasmosis?
Antifungal meds
What is unique about the symptoms of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in immunocompetent patients?
Usually asymptomatic followed by a clearance of fungus in the body and lasting immunity
What is the pathogen responsible for Pneumocystis Pneumonia?
Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously known as Pneumocystis carinii, PCP)
What is unique about the appearance of Pneumocystis jirovecii?
Resembles protozoa more than fungi
How is Pneumocystis Pneumonia transmitted?
Inhalation of droplets containing the fungus
Pneumocystis pneumonia is a common opportunistic fungal infection among what group of people?
AIDS patients
Presence of pneumocystic pneumonia is almost diagnostic for what serious condition?
AIDS
How is pneumocystic pneumonia treated?
Antiprotozoan drugs
How can pneumocystic pneumonia be prevented?
Impossible to prevent against Pneumocystis jirovecii
What is the most common only symptom of aspergillosis?
Allergies
What pathogen is responsible for aspergillosis?
Fungi in the genus, Aspergillus
How is aspergillosis acquired?
Inhalation of fungal spores
How is aspergillosis treated?
Antifungal medications
