Respiratory System Pt. 3

Question 1

How is croup diagnosed?

Answer 1

Characteristic cough

Question 2

What vaccines can prevent croup?

Answer 2

Diphtheria, Hib, and measles

Question 3

Wha is another name for coccidioidomycosis?

Answer 3

San Joaquin valley fever

Question 4

What other conditions does coccidioidomycosis resemble?

Answer 4

Pneumonia or tuberculosis

Question 5

What is unique about the symptomatology of coccidioidomycosis?

Answer 5

60% of patients show no or few symptoms

Question 6

Disseminiation of coccidioidomycosis typically occurs in what group of individuals?

Answer 6

Immunocompromised

Question 7

Dissemination of coccidioidomycosis to the CNS has what results?

Answer 7

Meningitis, headache, nausea, and emotional disturbance

Question 8

Where can coccidioidomycosis disseminate?

Answer 8

Bones, joints, subcutaneous tissue, CNS

Question 9

What pathogen is responsible for coccidioidomycosis?

Answer 9

Coccidioides immitis

Question 10

What occurs to Coccidioides immitis at human body temperature?

Answer 10

Assumes yeast form

Question 11

Where does coccidioidomycosis almost exclusively occur?

Answer 11

Southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico

Question 12

How is coccidioidomycosis acquired?

Answer 12

Fungal spores from soil enter the body through inhalation

Question 13

What can serve as a vehicle of infection for coccidioidomycosis?

Answer 13

Dust from endemic areas and coats materials including tourist items like Native American pots and blankets sold to tourists

Question 14

How is coccidioidomycosis diagnosed?

Answer 14

Presence of spherules in clinical specimens

Question 15

How is coccidioidomycosis treated?

Answer 15

Amphotericin B

Question 16

What is the issue of coccidioidomycosis dissemination to the CNS?

Answer 16

Fatal without treatment

Question 17

What is another name for Blastomycosis?

Answer 17

Gilchrist’s disease

Question 18

What kinds of symptoms result from blastomycosis?

Answer 18

Flu-like

Question 19

What is the issue with blastomycosis?

Answer 19

Purulent pulmonary lesions resulting in tissue death and cavity formation

Question 20

Does blastomycosis usually become chronic?

Answer 20

Can, but the disease usually resolves in most people

Question 21

What pathogen is responsible for blastomycosis?

Answer 21

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 22

What happens to Blastomyces dermatitidis at room temperature?

Answer 22

Becomes pathogenic yeast form

Question 23

Where is blastomycosis endemic?

Answer 23

Southeastern US north to Canada

Question 24

How is blastomycosis acquired?

Answer 24

Inhalation of dust carrying fungal spores

Question 25

How is blastomycosis treated?

Answer 25

Antifungal medication

Question 26

Relapse of blastomycosis is common among what group of people?

Answer 26

AIDS patients

Question 27

Paracoccidioidomycosis is similar to what other conditions?

Answer 27

Coccidiodomycosis and blastomycosis

Question 28

What issue is a result of paracoccidioidomycosis?

Answer 28

Chronic inflammatory disease of mucous membranes resulting in painful ulcerated lesions of gums, tongue, lips, palate

Question 29

What pathogen is responsible for paracoccidioidomycosis?

Answer 29

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Question 30

Where is paracoccidioidomycosis seen?

Answer 30

Southern Mexico and regions of South America

Question 31

How is paracoccidioidomycosis acquired?

Answer 31

Inhalation

Question 32

How is paracoccidioidomycosis treated?

Answer 32

Amphotericin B or ketoconazole

Question 33

What is another name for histoplasmosis?

Answer 33

Ohio River Valley disease

Question 34

What is unique about the symptoms of histoplasmosis?

Answer 34

95% asymptomatic

Question 35

Those who aren't symptomatic with histoplamosis develop what kinds of symptoms?

Answer 35

Coughing with bloody sputum or skin lesions (5% clinical histoplasmosis)

Question 36

What pathogen is responsible for histoplasmosis?

Answer 36

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 37

What is the most common fungal pathogen affecting humans?

Answer 37

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 38

What happens to Histoplasma capsulatum at human body temperature?

Answer 38

Becomes pathogenic yeast form

Question 39

Where is histoplasmosis most common?

Answer 39

Eastern/midwestern U.S. (states along Ohio River valley and lower Mississippi River), Africa, Asia

Question 40

What unique signs can be seen on a chest X-ray of one with histoplasmosis?

Answer 40

Granulomas

Question 41

What is unique about immunocompromised patients with histoplasmosis?

Answer 41

Usually resolve without treatment

Question 42

What is the treatment for severe histoplasmosis?

Answer 42

Antifungal meds

Question 43

What is unique about the symptoms of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in immunocompetent patients?

Answer 43

Usually asymptomatic followed by a clearance of fungus in the body and lasting immunity

Question 44

What is the pathogen responsible for Pneumocystis Pneumonia?

Answer 44

Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously known as Pneumocystis carinii, PCP)

Question 45

What is unique about the appearance of Pneumocystis jirovecii?

Answer 45

Resembles protozoa more than fungi

Question 46

How is Pneumocystis Pneumonia transmitted?

Answer 46

Inhalation of droplets containing the fungus

Question 47

Pneumocystis pneumonia is a common opportunistic fungal infection among what group of people?

Answer 47

AIDS patients

Question 48

Presence of pneumocystic pneumonia is almost diagnostic for what serious condition?

Answer 48

AIDS

Question 49

How is pneumocystic pneumonia treated?

Answer 49

Antiprotozoan drugs

Question 50

How can pneumocystic pneumonia be prevented?

Answer 50

Impossible to prevent against Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 51

What is the most common only symptom of aspergillosis?

Answer 51

Allergies

Question 52

What pathogen is responsible for aspergillosis?

Answer 52

Fungi in the genus, Aspergillus

Question 53

How is aspergillosis acquired?

Answer 53

Inhalation of fungal spores

Question 54

How is aspergillosis treated?

Answer 54

Antifungal medications