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Microbiology Exam Three > Respiratory System Pt. 3 > Flashcards

Respiratory System Pt. 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How is croup diagnosed?

A

Characteristic cough

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2
Q

What vaccines can prevent croup?

A

Diphtheria, Hib, and measles

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3
Q

Wha is another name for coccidioidomycosis?

A

San Joaquin valley fever

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4
Q

What other conditions does coccidioidomycosis resemble?

A

Pneumonia or tuberculosis

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5
Q

What is unique about the symptomatology of coccidioidomycosis?

A

60% of patients show no or few symptoms

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6
Q

Disseminiation of coccidioidomycosis typically occurs in what group of individuals?

A

Immunocompromised

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7
Q

Dissemination of coccidioidomycosis to the CNS has what results?

A

Meningitis, headache, nausea, and emotional disturbance

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8
Q

Where can coccidioidomycosis disseminate?

A

Bones, joints, subcutaneous tissue, CNS

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9
Q

What pathogen is responsible for coccidioidomycosis?

A

Coccidioides immitis

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10
Q

What occurs to Coccidioides immitis at human body temperature?

A

Assumes yeast form

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11
Q

Where does coccidioidomycosis almost exclusively occur?

A

Southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico

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12
Q

How is coccidioidomycosis acquired?

A

Fungal spores from soil enter the body through inhalation

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13
Q

What can serve as a vehicle of infection for coccidioidomycosis?

A

Dust from endemic areas and coats materials including tourist items like Native American pots and blankets sold to tourists

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14
Q

How is coccidioidomycosis diagnosed?

A

Presence of spherules in clinical specimens

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15
Q

How is coccidioidomycosis treated?

A

Amphotericin B

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16
Q

What is the issue of coccidioidomycosis dissemination to the CNS?

A

Fatal without treatment

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17
Q

What is another name for Blastomycosis?

A

Gilchrist’s disease

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18
Q

What kinds of symptoms result from blastomycosis?

A

Flu-like

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19
Q

What is the issue with blastomycosis?

A

Purulent pulmonary lesions resulting in tissue death and cavity formation

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20
Q

Does blastomycosis usually become chronic?

A

Can, but the disease usually resolves in most people

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21
Q

What pathogen is responsible for blastomycosis?

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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22
Q

What happens to Blastomyces dermatitidis at room temperature?

A

Becomes pathogenic yeast form

23
Q

Where is blastomycosis endemic?

A

Southeastern US north to Canada

24
Q

How is blastomycosis acquired?

A

Inhalation of dust carrying fungal spores

25
Q

How is blastomycosis treated?

A

Antifungal medication

26
Q

Relapse of blastomycosis is common among what group of people?

A

AIDS patients

27
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis is similar to what other conditions?

A

Coccidiodomycosis and blastomycosis

28
Q

What issue is a result of paracoccidioidomycosis?

A

Chronic inflammatory disease of mucous membranes resulting in painful ulcerated lesions of gums, tongue, lips, palate

29
Q

What pathogen is responsible for paracoccidioidomycosis?

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

30
Q

Where is paracoccidioidomycosis seen?

A

Southern Mexico and regions of South America

31
Q

How is paracoccidioidomycosis acquired?

A

Inhalation

32
Q

How is paracoccidioidomycosis treated?

A

Amphotericin B or ketoconazole

33
Q

What is another name for histoplasmosis?

A

Ohio River Valley disease

34
Q

What is unique about the symptoms of histoplasmosis?

A

95% asymptomatic

35
Q

Those who aren’t symptomatic with histoplamosis develop what kinds of symptoms?

A

Coughing with bloody sputum or skin lesions (5% clinical histoplasmosis)

36
Q

What pathogen is responsible for histoplasmosis?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

37
Q

What is the most common fungal pathogen affecting humans?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

38
Q

What happens to Histoplasma capsulatum at human body temperature?

A

Becomes pathogenic yeast form

39
Q

Where is histoplasmosis most common?

A

Eastern/midwestern U.S. (states along Ohio River valley and lower Mississippi River), Africa, Asia

40
Q

What unique signs can be seen on a chest X-ray of one with histoplasmosis?

A

Granulomas

41
Q

What is unique about immunocompromised patients with histoplasmosis?

A

Usually resolve without treatment

42
Q

What is the treatment for severe histoplasmosis?

A

Antifungal meds

43
Q

What is unique about the symptoms of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in immunocompetent patients?

A

Usually asymptomatic followed by a clearance of fungus in the body and lasting immunity

44
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for Pneumocystis Pneumonia?

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously known as Pneumocystis carinii, PCP)

45
Q

What is unique about the appearance of Pneumocystis jirovecii?

A

Resembles protozoa more than fungi

46
Q

How is Pneumocystis Pneumonia transmitted?

A

Inhalation of droplets containing the fungus

47
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia is a common opportunistic fungal infection among what group of people?

A

AIDS patients

48
Q

Presence of pneumocystic pneumonia is almost diagnostic for what serious condition?

A

AIDS

49
Q

How is pneumocystic pneumonia treated?

A

Antiprotozoan drugs

50
Q

How can pneumocystic pneumonia be prevented?

A

Impossible to prevent against Pneumocystis jirovecii

51
Q

What is the most common only symptom of aspergillosis?

A

Allergies

52
Q

What pathogen is responsible for aspergillosis?

A

Fungi in the genus, Aspergillus

53
Q

How is aspergillosis acquired?

A

Inhalation of fungal spores

54
Q

How is aspergillosis treated?

A

Antifungal medications

Microbiology Exam Three (6 decks)

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