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Microbiology Exam Three > Respiratory System Pt. 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory System Pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Strep throat can progress into what conditions?

A

Scarlet fever or rheumatic fever/heart disease

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2
Q

What are the purulent abscesses that cover the tonsils during strep throat?

A

Pus pockets

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3
Q

What pathogen is responsible for strep throat?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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4
Q

How is strep throat spread?

A

Respiratory droplets

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5
Q

When does strep throat most commonly occur?

A

Winter and spring

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6
Q

Strep throat is most common in what age range?

A

Children ages 5-15

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7
Q

Strep throat is often confused with what other condition?

A

Viral pharyngitis (cases are usually 50/50 strep throat and viral pharyngitis)

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8
Q

What treatment is recommended for strep throat, and why is it important?

A

Antibiotics (important to prevent the development of rheumatic fever/heart disease)

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9
Q

What is another name for scarlet fever?

A

Scarletina

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10
Q

Scarlet fever develops after 1-2 days of what prior condition?

A

Strep throat

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11
Q

What triggers the development of the rash associated with scarlet fever that begins on the chest and spreads across the body?

A

Pyrogenic toxins

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12
Q

What unique sign is seen in the mouth of those with scarlet fever?

A

Tongue becomes strawberry red

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13
Q

What pathogen is responsible for scarlet fever?

A

Lysogenized strain of streptococcus pyogenes

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14
Q

Why was scarlet fever more of a serious issue long ago but not as much now?

A

Current antibiotic treatment prevents its development from strep throat

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15
Q

Pseudomembrane adhesions in the posterior throat are associated with what condition?

A

Diphtheria

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16
Q

What can occur with the pseudomembrane in serious conditions of diphtheria?

A

Occlusion of airway resulting in death by suffocation

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17
Q

What pathogen is responsible for diphtheria?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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18
Q

What arrangement is seen by the pathogen responsible for diphtheria?

A

Palisade arrangement formed via snapping fission

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19
Q

What toxin is produced by corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

Diphtheria toxin

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20
Q

How is diphtheria spread?

A

Respiratory droplets

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21
Q

Diphtheria is mainly symptomatic among what people?

A

Immunocompromised or nonimmune individuals

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22
Q

How is diphtheria diagnosed?

A

Pseudomembranes

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23
Q

How is diphtheria treated?

A

Antitoxin and antibiotics

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24
Q

What test was formerly used to determine immunity/susceptibility to diphtheria?

A

Schick Test (skin test)

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25
What treatment is necessary in severe cases of diphtheria?
Blocked airways must be opened by surgery or bypassed with tracheotomy
26
How can diptheria be prevented?
DTaP/TDaP vaccines
27
What are the signs and symptoms of otitis media and sinusitis?
Otitis media - pain in the ears | Sinusitis - pain and pressure of affected sinus
28
What pathogen is responsible for the majority (35%) of otitis media cases?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
29
What pathogen is responsible for most cases of sinusitis?
Moraxella catarrhalis (10-15% of cases)
30
What pathogens have the potential to be responsible for both sinusitis and otitis media cases?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae b, moraxella catarrhalis
31
What pathogens can be responsible for otitis media?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae b, Staphylococcus aureus, moraxella catarrhalis
32
What pathogens can be responsible for sinusitis?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae b, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pyogenes
33
How do bacteria spread from the pharynx to the sinuses?
Via the throat
34
Sinusitis is more common with what group?
Adults
35
Otitis media is more common with what group?
Children
36
What is a great option of conservative care for otitis media and sinusitis?
Chiropractic adjustments :)
37
How is chronic otitis media sometimes treated?
Surgical tubes
38
Neti pots can be useful for the treatment of what respiratory microbial disease?
Sinusitis
39
What type of food should to be avoided while congested because of sinusitis?
Dairy products
40
What pathogen is the most common cause of the common cold?
Rhinoviruses
41
What pathogens are the second most common cause of the common cold?
Coronaviruses
42
What other type of virus is commonly a cause of the common cold besides rhinoviruses and coronaviruses?
Adenovirus
43
About how many viruses are known to be able to cause the common cold?
Over 200
44
How is the common cold spread?
Coughing, sneezing, fomites, person-to-person contact
45
Which cause of the common cold is considered highly infective?
Rhinoviruses
46
How can the common cold be prevented?
Handwashing
47
What good conservative treatment options for the common cold?
Chiropractic adjustments :) along with rest and drinking clear fluids
48
What type of medication can reduce the duration of symptoms of the common cold?
Pleconaril (anti-viral)
49
Bacterial pneumonias are most serious and most frequent amount what age group?
Adults
50
What are bacterial pneumonias?
Lung inflammation accompanied by fluid-filled alveoli and bronchioles
51
What is the clinical term for typical pneumonia?
Pneumococcal pneumonia
52
Rust-colored sputum is associated with what form of pneumonia?
Pneumococcal pneumonia (typical)
53
What is the pathogen responsible for typical pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae (the Pneumococcus)
54
How does infection of pneumococcal pneumonia occur?
Inhalation of bacteria
55
What is the term for the bacterial replication of pneumococcal pneumonia that leads to damage of the lungs?
Consolidation
56
How is typical pneumonia usually diagnosed?
Chest X-ray
57
What is the drug used to treat typical pneumonia?
Penicillin
58
What is a good conservative approach for treating typical pneumonia?
Chiropractic adjustment :) and rest
59
How can typical pneumonia be prevented?
Vaccine (PCV)
60
What are other names for mycoplasmal pneumonia?
Primary atypical pneumonia or "walking pneumonia"
61
Which tends to be more mild and possibly asymptomatic: typical or mycoplasmal pneumonia?
Mycoplasmal pneumonia
62
What pathogen is responsible for primary atypical pneumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
63
How is mycoplasmal pneumonia spread?
Nasal secretions
64
How is walking pneumonia treated?
Tetracycline and erythromycin (medically) | Chiropractic adjustment :) and rest
65
Why is prevention of walking pneumonia difficult?
Infected individuals may be asymptomatic
66
Which is associated with a HIGH fever: typical or atypical pneumonia?
Typical
67
Which type of pneumonia occurs year-round: typical or atypical?
Atypical
68
Typical pneumonia most often occurs during what seasons?
Fall and winter
69
Malaise, headache, and sore throat are features of which type of pneumonia: typical or atypical?
Atypical
70
Rapid breathing is associated with which type of pneumonia: typical or atypical?
Typical
71
Thick, bloody sputum is associated with what type of pneumonia?
Klebsiella pneumonia
72
What is the term for the thick, bloody sputum seen with Klebsiella pneumonia?
Currant jelly sputum
73
What is the necrotizing and severe form of pneumonia?
Klebsiella pneumonia
74
What is the pathogen responsible for Klebsiella pneumonia?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
75
Who is at the greatest risk for a Klebsiella pneumoniae infection?
Immunocompromised
76
Because of it being normal digestive respiratory microbiotia, what kind of an infection is Klebsiella pneumonia?
Opportunistic
77
How can Klebsiella pneumonia be prevented?
Good aseptic technique by health care workers
78
How is Klebsiella pneumonia treated?
Antimicrobials
79
Haemophilus influenzae b and staphylococcus aureus can cause pneumonia similar to what type of pneumonia?
Pneumococcal (typical)
80
What type of pneumonia is caused by Yersinia pestis?
Pneumonic plague
81
What conditions can be caused by chlamydophila pneumoniae?
Pneumonia and bronchitis
82
What is another term for ornithosis?
Psittacosis
83
What types of symptoms are seen with ornithosis?
Flu-like (within 10 days of exposure)
84
Severe cases of ornithosis resemble what other condition?
Mycoplasmal pneumonia
85
What pathogen is responsible for ornithosis?
Chlamyodophila psittaci
86
Ornithosis is actually a disease of what type of animal that is then transmitted to humans?
Birds
87
How is ornithosis transmitted?
Inhalation of aerosilized feces or respiratory secretion Can be ingested from fingers or fomites Direct beak-to-mouth contact
88
What is the mortality rate of untreated ornithosis?
20%
89
What is the mortality rate of treated ornithosis?
Rarely fatal
90
What is the treatment for ornithosis?
Doxycycline for 2 weeks
91
Why is the prevention of ornithosis difficult?
Chlamydophila psittaci is ubiquitous (present nearly everywhere)
92
What is the pathogen resonsible for Legionnaires' Disease?
Legionella pneumophila
93
What else can be caused by Legionella pneumophila besides Legionnaires' Disease?
Pontiac fever
94
What is Pontiac fever?
Non-fatal flulike illness similar to Legionnaires' disease without pneumonia
95
What is the fatality rate for Legionnaires' Disease that isn't promptly treated?
20%
96
How did Legionnaires' Disease get its name?
Hundreds of American Legion members got severe pneumonia and 29 died in 1976
97
Where does Legionella survive naturally?
Domestic water sources
98
How do humans get Legionnaires' Disease?
Inhalation of the bacteria in aerosols from water sources like showers, vaporizers, hot tubs, AC systems, etc.
99
What kind of individuals are at a greater risk of developing Legionnaires' Disease?
Elderly, smokers, and immunocompromised
100
How is Legionnaires' Disease diagnosed?
Fluorescent antibody staining or serology
101
What is the preferred treatment for Legionnaires' Disease?
Fluoroquinolone or macrolide antibiotics
102
How can Legionnaires' Disease be controlled/prevented?
Reducing bacterial presence in water
103
What is the treatment for AIDS?
HAART (cocktail of antiviral drugs)

Microbiology Exam Three (6 decks)

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