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Microbiology Exam Three > Genitourinary System Pt. 1 > Flashcards

Genitourinary System Pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What location of pain is seen in females with a UTI?

A

Pelvic pain

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2
Q

What location of pain is seen in males with a UTI?

A

Rectal

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3
Q

“Cola-colored” urine is an indicator or what condition?

A

UTI (small amounts of blood in the urine)

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4
Q

What bacteria is responsible for the majority of UTI cases (80-85%)?

A

Escherichia coli

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5
Q

What pathogens can be responsible for UTIs?

A

E. coli, Staphylococcus Saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia stuartii, Morganella morganii, Serratia maracescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter

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6
Q

How are UTIs acquired?

A

Self-inoculation of fecal bacteria into the urethra

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7
Q

What is the most common nosocomial source of a UTI?

A

Urinary catheters

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8
Q

What food is effective at preventing the spread of fecal bacteria into the urethra therefore preventing UTIs?

A

Cranberries

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9
Q

What is Weil’s disease?

A

Severe infection of leptospirosis

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10
Q

What pathogen is responsible for leptospirosis?

A

Leptospira interrogans

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11
Q

How is leptospirosis usually transmitted?

A

Direct contact between urine droplets or urine contaminated water into the mucous membranes of the eye, nose, mouth, or abraded skin

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12
Q

What condition represents a sudden appearance of proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, and edema?

A

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

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13
Q

What serious condition can arise in adults with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

A

Irreversible kidney damage

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14
Q

What pathogen is responsible for acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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15
Q

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is more common among what groups?

A

Children and elderly

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16
Q

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis develops about 10-14 days after what kind of infection?

A

Strep throat infection

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17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?

A

Extremely low blood pressure, confusion, severe red rash, loss of sheets of skin

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18
Q

What pathogen is responsible for staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?

A

Staph aureus

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19
Q

What condition does staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome mimic in its appearance?

A

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (occurs in babies)

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20
Q

What population is most at risk for staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?

A

Menstruating females (due to tampon use)

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21
Q

Is STSS a serious issue?

A

Yes, a medical emergency

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22
Q

Describe the vaginal discharge associated with bacterial vaginosis.

A

White with a fishy odor

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23
Q

What pathogen is responsible for bacterial vaginosis?

A

Multiple anaerobic bacteria

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24
Q

What kinds of activities are associated with bacterial vaginosis?

A

Vaginal douching, multiple sex partners

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25
Is bacteria vaginosis sexually transmitted?
No
26
What are other names for a vaginal yeast infection?
Vaginal candidiasis, fungal vaginitis
27
What are the classic signs and symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection?
Severe vaginal itching and burning, white and odor-free vaginal discharge with a cottage cheese appearance
28
What pathogen is responsible for vaginal yeast infections?
Candida albicans (normal flora of skin and mucous membranes)
29
Candida overgrows in what situations?
Vaginal pH or microbiota changes
30
Vaginal yeast infections are often secondary to what kind of treatment?
Antibiotics
31
How can a vaginal yeast infection be prevented?
Avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics, use probiotics when taking antibiotics
32
What group is most at risk for sexually transmitted diseases or infections?
Females adolescents
33
STDs with lesions present a greater risk of developing what infection?
HIV
34
What is another name for gonorrhea?
Clap
35
In which gender do we see painful urination and pus filled discharge?
Males
36
In which gender is gonorrhea usually asymptomatic?
Females
37
What disease can be triggered by gonorrhea in females?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
38
What pathogen is responsible for gonorrhea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (the Gonococcus)
39
What are classic signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection?
Persistent urge to urinate, burning sensation when urinating, passage of small amounts of urine, cloudy and/or bright pink urine
40
Gonorrhea is more common in what gender?
Females (even though they're more likely to be asymptomatic)
41
Gonorrhea is more common among what race?
Blacks (19X)
42
What is the chance of a female getting infected with gonorrhea during a single sexual encounter?
50%
43
What is the chance of a male getting infected with gonorrhea during a single sexual encounter?
20%
44
What pathogen is responsible for chlamydia?
Chlamydia trachomatis
45
What are the symptoms of chlamydia?
Asymptomatic in females | Painful urination and pus discharges in males
46
What is the infective form of chlamydia produced during reproduction?
Elementary bodies
47
What is the reproductive form of chlamydia formed during reproduction?
Reticulate bodies
48
What is the most common reportable STD in the U.S.?
Chlamydia
49
Infection of chlamydia increases what risk in adolescence?
Cervical cancer
50
Lymphogranuloma venereum is most common among what gender and in what location?
Males in Central and South America
51
What is the pathogen responsible for lymphogranuloma venereum?
Chlamydia trachomatis
52
What are the symptoms of lymphogranuloma venereum?
Chronic infection of the lymphatic system that causes genital lesion and bubo in the groin
53
What gender is more likely to be infected with gonorrhea or chlamydia?
Females
54
What are other names for granuloma inguinale?
Donovanosis, granuloma genitoingunale, granuloma venereum
55
What lesion is seen with granuloma inguinale?
Beefy red lesion
56
What pathogen is responsible for granuloma inguinale?
Klebsiella granulomatis
57
What is the primary characteristic sign/symptom of syphilis?
Painless, reddened chancre usually one external genitalia
58
What is the secondary characteristic sign/symptoms of syphilis?
Widespread rash
59
The majority of syphilis cases don't get past what stage?
Latent stage
60
What are the symptoms of syphilis during the latent stage?
None (clinically inactive)
61
What are some of the signs and symptoms of the tertiary stage of syphilis that occurs in 1/3 cases?
Dementia and gummas (rubbery, painful lesions that occur in bones, nerve tissue, or skin)
62
What pathogen is responsible for syphilis?
Treponema pallidum pallidum
63
What is used to treat all cases of syphilis except tertiary syphilis?
Penicillin G
64
Why is syphilis a serious issue for pregnant women?
Can pass to child and result in death if in primary or secondary stages or mental retardation and defects in the latent stage
65
What are the signs of chancroid?
Soft chancres (genital ulcers)
66
Signs of chancroid are more prevalent in which gender?
Males because ulceration is more painful and visible
67
Chancres of which disease are painless: syphilis or chancroid?
Syphilis
68
Chancres of which disease are painful: syphilis or chancroid?
Chancroid
69
What pathogen is responsible for chancroid?
Haemophilus ducreyi
70
What is the reason for most of the U.S. cases of chancroid?
Foreign travel
71
What is the pathogen responsible for genital herpes?
Human herpesvirus 2 (HHV-2)
72
Where does the Human herpesvirus 2 reside when latent?
Sacral ganglia
73
Genital herpes quadruples the risk of what infection?
HIV
74
When is genital herpes able to be spread?
Whether lesions are present or not
75
How is genital hopes diagnosed?
Characteristic lesions
76
What is the treatment for genital herpes?
Antiviral medications lessen frequency/duration of symptoms but do not cure
77
What is the pathogen responsible for genital warts?
Human Papillomaviruses (HPV)
78
In which sexually transmitted disease do we see cauliflower-like growths called condylomata acuminata?
Genital warts
79
What is the most common cancer associated with HPV in women?
Cervical cancer
80
What is the most common cancer associated with HPV in men?
Oropharyngeal cancers
81
What is the most common STD in the U.S.?
Genital warts
82
About how many different types of HPV are sexually transmitted?
30
83
Is AIDS a disease?
No, technically a syndrome
84
What is the pathogen responsible for AIDS?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
85
Which type of HIV is more prevalent in the U.S. and Europe?
HIV-1
86
Where is HIV-2 prevalent?
West Africa
87
Is being HIV positive the same as having AIDS?
No
88
How is HIV transmitted?
Bodily fluids like semen, blood, breast milk, vaginal secretions
89
What blood tests are able to detect antibodies against HIV?
ELISA/Western Blot
90
What is the appearance of Kaposi's Sarcoma?
Bluish-red or purple bumps on the skin
91
What is the pathogen responsible for Kaposi's sarcoma?
Human Herpes Virus 8
92
Kaposi's sarcoma is common among what group of people?
Immunocompromised (examples = AIDS patients)
93
In which STD are males more asymptomatic, and females present with vaginal discharge and vaginal irritation?
Trichomoniasis
94
What is the pathogen responsible for Trichomoniasis?
Trichomonas vaginalis
95
What kind of pathogen is Trichomoniasis vaginalis?
Protozoan
96
What is the most common curable STD in women?
Trichomoniasis
97
Trichomoniasis increases the risk of what infection?
HIV

Microbiology Exam Three (6 decks)

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