Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 20 > Respiratory system - Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Respiratory system - Chapter 7 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of the respiratory System (4)

A
  1. Exchange gasses
  2. Vocal sounds
  3. smell
  4. regulate blook PH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Breathing/Ventilation

A

Inhalation and exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inspiration/Inhalation

A

Moves air from external environment to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Expiration/Exhalation

A

Moves air from lungs back to external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

External Respiration

A

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and cells of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cellular respiration

A

the combustion of oxygen to produce ATP and CO2 in cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ATP Importance

A

“Energy currency” that allows for movement within the body, muscle movement and active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Upper Respiratory tract components

A

Nasal passages
Sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Glottis
Epiglottis
Trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nasal Passages

A

Passages in the nose that warms, moistens and cleans air coming into the lungs using mucus releasing cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sinuses

A

Spaces within the bones in the front of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pharynx

A

Space behind the oral cavity, between nasal cavity and larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Larynx

A

top of the trachea, houses vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glottis

A

vocal cords and the opening between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Epiglottis

A

Closes during swallowing to prevent food in the airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Trachea

A

Flexible cylinder with cartilage rings to keep it open that carries air in and out of the lungs

17
Q

Lower respiratory tract components (lungs) 3

A

Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Pleural membranes

18
Q

Bronchi

A

two tubes that branch from the trachea into the lungs

19
Q

Bronchioles

A

smaller branches off the bronchi that become smaller and smaller until they become alveoli

20
Q

Alveoli and its features

A

sites of gas exchange
- Large surface area
- very thin
- moist lining
- good supply of blood
- good ventilation

21
Q

Pleural membranes

A

Thin membranes that cover the outside of the lungs

22
Q

Diaphragm

A

large sheet of muscle that pulls down and decreases the air pressure drops in the chest cavity and inflates the lungs

23
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

found between the ribs, when they contract the ribs are pulled outwards and upwards, increasing chest volume

24
Q

Inhale mechanics

A

Intercostal muscles contract
Diaphragm contracts
Chest cavity expands
pressure decreases
air is drawn in

25
Q

Exhale mechanics

A

Intercostal muscles relax
Diaphragm relax
Chest cavity compresses
pressure increases
Air is pushed out

26
Q

Tidal volume (TV)

A

volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing

27
Q

Inspiratory reserve (IR)

A

Maximum air inhaled above tidal volume

28
Q

Expiratory reserve (ER)

A

air that can be exhaled after tidal volume

29
Q

Residual Volume

A

Volume of air that always stays in lungs

30
Q

Vital capacity (VC)

A

Total volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled

31
Q

Regulation of breathing

A

Controlled by the medulla oblongata in the brain, which gets information about the amount of CO2 and O2 from chemo receptors

32
Q

Carotid and Aortic Chemoreceptors

A

Detect low oxygen levels and send signals to the brain to begin breathing movements (diaphragm and ribs)

33
Q

What happens when CO2 levels increase

A

chemoreceptors detect high CO2 and sends signals to the brain that tells it to tell the body to exhale

34
Q

CO2 transport

A

23% carried on hemoglobin
7% carried in plasma
70% (from cellular resp.)enters the red blood cells combining with water to form carbonic acid

35
Q

Blood buffering

A

An example of homeostasis that keeps the blood pH at 7.4 using carbonic (acid) and Bicarbonate (base) to balance the blood

36
Q

CO2 reaction summary

A

CO2 plus H2O makes carbonic acid in RBC
Carbonic acid makes bicarbonate and hydrogen in RBC then tranfers to plasma
Bicarbonate and hydrogen make carbonic acid in RBC
Carbonic acid makes H2O and CO2 in RBC

37
Q

Functions of hydrogen Ions (4)

A
  1. help dislodge from hemoglobin so O2 can dissolve into tissues
  2. by removing them from plasma, the hemoglobin acts like a buffer
  3. When deoxygenate blood comes to the lungs Oxygen dislodges them from the hemoglobin
  4. Free ions combine with bicarbonate and form CO2 and H2O
38
Q
A

Biology 20 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions