Respiratory system - Chapter 7

Question 1

Functions of the respiratory System (4)

Answer 1

1. Exchange gasses
2. Vocal sounds
3. smell
4. regulate blook PH

Question 2

Breathing/Ventilation

Answer 2

Inhalation and exhalation

Question 3

Inspiration/Inhalation

Answer 3

Moves air from external environment to lungs

Question 4

Expiration/Exhalation

Answer 4

Moves air from lungs back to external environment

Question 5

External Respiration

Answer 5

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and cells of the lungs

Question 6

Internal Respiration

Answer 6

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the tissue

Question 7

Cellular respiration

Answer 7

the combustion of oxygen to produce ATP and CO2 in cell

Question 8

ATP Importance

Answer 8

“Energy currency” that allows for movement within the body, muscle movement and active transport

Question 9

Upper Respiratory tract components

Answer 9

Nasal passages
Sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Glottis
Epiglottis
Trachea

Question 10

Nasal Passages

Answer 10

Passages in the nose that warms, moistens and cleans air coming into the lungs using mucus releasing cells

Question 11

Sinuses

Answer 11

Spaces within the bones in the front of the skull

Question 12

Pharynx

Answer 12

Space behind the oral cavity, between nasal cavity and larynx

Question 13

Larynx

Answer 13

top of the trachea, houses vocal cords

Question 14

Glottis

Answer 14

vocal cords and the opening between them

Question 15

Epiglottis

Answer 15

Closes during swallowing to prevent food in the airway

Question 16

Trachea

Answer 16

Flexible cylinder with cartilage rings to keep it open that carries air in and out of the lungs

Question 17

Lower respiratory tract components (lungs) 3

Answer 17

Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Pleural membranes

Question 18

Bronchi

Answer 18

two tubes that branch from the trachea into the lungs

Question 19

Bronchioles

Answer 19

smaller branches off the bronchi that become smaller and smaller until they become alveoli

Question 20

Alveoli and its features

Answer 20

sites of gas exchange
- Large surface area
- very thin
- moist lining
- good supply of blood
- good ventilation

Question 21

Pleural membranes

Answer 21

Thin membranes that cover the outside of the lungs

Question 22

Diaphragm

Answer 22

large sheet of muscle that pulls down and decreases the air pressure drops in the chest cavity and inflates the lungs

Question 23

Intercostal muscles

Answer 23

found between the ribs, when they contract the ribs are pulled outwards and upwards, increasing chest volume

Question 24

Inhale mechanics

Answer 24

Intercostal muscles contract
Diaphragm contracts
Chest cavity expands
pressure decreases
air is drawn in

Question 25

Exhale mechanics

Answer 25

Intercostal muscles relax Diaphragm relax Chest cavity compresses pressure increases Air is pushed out

Question 26

Tidal volume (TV)

Answer 26

volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing

Question 27

Inspiratory reserve (IR)

Answer 27

Maximum air inhaled above tidal volume

Question 28

Expiratory reserve (ER)

Answer 28

air that can be exhaled after tidal volume

Question 29

Residual Volume

Answer 29

Volume of air that always stays in lungs

Question 30

Vital capacity (VC)

Answer 30

Total volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled

Question 31

Regulation of breathing

Answer 31

Controlled by the medulla oblongata in the brain, which gets information about the amount of CO2 and O2 from chemo receptors

Question 32

Carotid and Aortic Chemoreceptors

Answer 32

Detect low oxygen levels and send signals to the brain to begin breathing movements (diaphragm and ribs)

Question 33

What happens when CO2 levels increase

Answer 33

chemoreceptors detect high CO2 and sends signals to the brain that tells it to tell the body to exhale

Question 34

CO2 transport

Answer 34

23% carried on hemoglobin 7% carried in plasma 70% (from cellular resp.)enters the red blood cells combining with water to form carbonic acid

Question 35

Blood buffering

Answer 35

An example of homeostasis that keeps the blood pH at 7.4 using carbonic (acid) and Bicarbonate (base) to balance the blood

Question 36

CO2 reaction summary

Answer 36

CO2 plus H2O makes carbonic acid in RBC Carbonic acid makes bicarbonate and hydrogen in RBC then tranfers to plasma Bicarbonate and hydrogen make carbonic acid in RBC Carbonic acid makes H2O and CO2 in RBC

Question 37

Functions of hydrogen Ions (4)

Answer 37

1. help dislodge from hemoglobin so O2 can dissolve into tissues 2. by removing them from plasma, the hemoglobin acts like a buffer 3. When deoxygenate blood comes to the lungs Oxygen dislodges them from the hemoglobin 4. Free ions combine with bicarbonate and form CO2 and H2O