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Biology 20 > Excretory system (9) > Flashcards

Excretory system (9) Flashcards

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1
Q

Lungs metabolic waste

A

CO2 and H2O

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2
Q

Skin metabolic waste

A

water, salt, urea

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3
Q

Liver metabolic waste

A

Ammonia

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4
Q

Kidneys metabolic waste

A

Urine

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5
Q

Liver role in excretion

A

transforms material into removable waste

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6
Q

Uric acids

A

produced by liver from breakdown of amino acids

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7
Q

Proteins

A

converted by liver into carbs through deamination

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8
Q

Alcohol and heavy metals

A

changed by liver to soluble units and removed by kidney

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9
Q

Deamination

A

the removal of nitrogen-containing amino group in proteins forming ammonia

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10
Q

Urea

A

two molecules of ammonia combined with CO2

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11
Q

Kidneys role in excretion

A
  • filter blood
  • disposes of waste and turns into urine
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12
Q

Functions of urinary system

A
  1. Remove salts and wastes from blood
  2. water balance
  3. maintains pH
  4. controls RBC production and blood pressure
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13
Q

Urinary tract mechanics

A
  • kidneys filter blood (nephrons)
  • urine travels through ureter
  • stores in urinary bladder
  • exits through urethra
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14
Q

Catheter

A

soft hollow tube inserted into bladder to drain

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15
Q

Kidney parts (8)

A
  • minor calyx
  • renal pelvis
  • Renal vessel
  • Ureter
  • pyramid
  • renal medulla
  • renal cortex
  • capsule
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16
Q

Cortex

A

Outer connective tissue of the kidney

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17
Q

Medula

A

inner layer of kidney beneath the cortex

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18
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

center chamber in the kidney that connects to the ureter

19
Q

Renal vein

A

Veins that branch from kidney to inferior vena cava (deoxygenated blood)

20
Q

Renal artery

A

Arteries that branch into kidneys from the aorta (oxygenated blood)

21
Q

Nephrons

A

site of blood filtration in the kidney (aprox 500,000 per kidney)

22
Q

Parts of the Nephron

A
  • glomerulus
  • Bowmans capsule
  • Proximal tubule (PCT)
  • Decending loop of Henle
  • Acending loop of henle
  • Distal tubule (DCT)
  • Collecting ducts
  • out to ureter
23
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

carries blood to the glomerulus

24
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

carries blood away from the glomerulus

25
Q

Glomerulus

A

tuft of capillaries surrounded by bowmans capsule, the site of filtration

26
Q

Bowmans capsule

A

receives filtered fluids from glomerulus

27
Q

Proximal tubule

A

Site of reabsorption from the nephron back into the blood

28
Q

Distal Tubule

A
  • Last segment of nephron
  • connecting loop of henle to collecting duct
  • Reabsorption can occur
29
Q

Loop of Henle (4)

A
  • takes urine from PCT to DCT
    -descending loop is permeable to water and ions
  • site of some absorption
  • Ascending loop is impermeable to water and ions, so they are actively transported out
30
Q

Collecting Duct

A

Collects urine from many nephrons and carries urine to renal pelvis

31
Q

Formation of urine stages (3)

A
  1. filtration
  2. Reabsorbtion
  3. secration
32
Q

Nephron Filtration

A

Pores in glomerulus let some substances in blood plasma to pass and form the filtrate in the bowmans capsule

33
Q

Nephron Reabsorption

A
  • 65% of filtrate is reabsorbed into bloodstream
  • passive and active transport
34
Q

Kidneys Maintaining blood pH (4)

A
  • pH stays at 7.4
  • Acid-based buffer system maintains pH by adding or removing H ions
  • Too acidic = kidneys excrete H and HCO is reabsorbed
  • too basic = kidneys don’t excrete or reabsorb
35
Q

Water balance

A
  • interaction with the nervous and endocrine system manages water absorption
  • osmoreceptors in the brain senses high concentrations in blood plasma, signaling dehydration
  • releses hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormones)
  • tells body to reabsorb more water
36
Q

Balance of salt

A
  • kidneys regulate salt balance by controling ion excretion
37
Q

Aldosterone

A

-Stimulates distal tubule and collecting ducts
- reabsorb sodium into the blood
- Water follows

38
Q

ADH

A
  • increases distal tubules and collecting ducts permeability
  • more water absorbed
39
Q

Brights disease and symptoms

A

Inflammation in the nephrons (pores)
Symptoms: Large pressure, inflammation, proteins and RBC’s enter the nephron

40
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

Inadequate insulin secretion
Symptoms: blood sugar levels raise, weight loss, large volumes of sweet urine

41
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

destruction of ADH producing cells
Symptoms: urinates frequently, not sweet, thirsty

42
Q

Kidney stones

A

Hard mass of crystals in kidneys, bladder or urethra that grows over time
Symptoms: blood in urine, burning urinating, nausea

43
Q

hemodialysis

A

Blood filtered outside of the body

44
Q

peritonial dialysis

A

blood filtered inside the body

Biology 20 (9 decks)

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