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Biology 20 > Excretory system (9) > Flashcards

Excretory system (9) Flashcards

1
Q

Lungs metabolic waste

A

CO2 and H2O

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2
Q

Skin metabolic waste

A

water, salt, urea

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3
Q

Liver metabolic waste

A

Ammonia

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4
Q

Kidneys metabolic waste

A

Urine

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5
Q

Liver role in excretion

A

transforms material into removable waste

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6
Q

Uric acids

A

produced by liver from breakdown of amino acids

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7
Q

Proteins

A

converted by liver into carbs through deamination

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8
Q

Alcohol and heavy metals

A

changed by liver to soluble units and removed by kidney

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9
Q

Deamination

A

the removal of nitrogen-containing amino group in proteins forming ammonia

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10
Q

Urea

A

two molecules of ammonia combined with CO2

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11
Q

Kidneys role in excretion

A
  • filter blood
  • disposes of waste and turns into urine
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12
Q

Functions of urinary system

A
  1. Remove salts and wastes from blood
  2. water balance
  3. maintains pH
  4. controls RBC production and blood pressure
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13
Q

Urinary tract mechanics

A
  • kidneys filter blood (nephrons)
  • urine travels through ureter
  • stores in urinary bladder
  • exits through urethra
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14
Q

Catheter

A

soft hollow tube inserted into bladder to drain

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15
Q

Kidney parts (8)

A
  • minor calyx
  • renal pelvis
  • Renal vessel
  • Ureter
  • pyramid
  • renal medulla
  • renal cortex
  • capsule
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16
Q

Cortex

A

Outer connective tissue of the kidney

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17
Q

Medula

A

inner layer of kidney beneath the cortex

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18
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

center chamber in the kidney that connects to the ureter

19
Q

Renal vein

A

Veins that branch from kidney to inferior vena cava (deoxygenated blood)

20
Q

Renal artery

A

Arteries that branch into kidneys from the aorta (oxygenated blood)

21
Q

Nephrons

A

site of blood filtration in the kidney (aprox 500,000 per kidney)

22
Q

Parts of the Nephron

A
  • glomerulus
  • Bowmans capsule
  • Proximal tubule (PCT)
  • Decending loop of Henle
  • Acending loop of henle
  • Distal tubule (DCT)
  • Collecting ducts
  • out to ureter
23
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

carries blood to the glomerulus

24
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

carries blood away from the glomerulus

25
Glomerulus
tuft of capillaries surrounded by bowmans capsule, the site of filtration
26
Bowmans capsule
receives filtered fluids from glomerulus
27
Proximal tubule
Site of reabsorption from the nephron back into the blood
28
Distal Tubule
- Last segment of nephron - connecting loop of henle to collecting duct - Reabsorption can occur
29
Loop of Henle (4)
- takes urine from PCT to DCT -descending loop is permeable to water and ions - site of some absorption - Ascending loop is impermeable to water and ions, so they are actively transported out
30
Collecting Duct
Collects urine from many nephrons and carries urine to renal pelvis
31
Formation of urine stages (3)
1. filtration 2. Reabsorbtion 3. secration
32
Nephron Filtration
Pores in glomerulus let some substances in blood plasma to pass and form the filtrate in the bowmans capsule
33
Nephron Reabsorption
- 65% of filtrate is reabsorbed into bloodstream - passive and active transport
34
Kidneys Maintaining blood pH (4)
- pH stays at 7.4 - Acid-based buffer system maintains pH by adding or removing H ions - Too acidic = kidneys excrete H and HCO is reabsorbed - too basic = kidneys don't excrete or reabsorb
35
Water balance
- interaction with the nervous and endocrine system manages water absorption - osmoreceptors in the brain senses high concentrations in blood plasma, signaling dehydration - releses hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormones) - tells body to reabsorb more water
36
Balance of salt
- kidneys regulate salt balance by controling ion excretion
37
Aldosterone
-Stimulates distal tubule and collecting ducts - reabsorb sodium into the blood - Water follows
38
ADH
- increases distal tubules and collecting ducts permeability - more water absorbed
39
Brights disease and symptoms
Inflammation in the nephrons (pores) Symptoms: Large pressure, inflammation, proteins and RBC's enter the nephron
40
Diabetes Mellitus
Inadequate insulin secretion Symptoms: blood sugar levels raise, weight loss, large volumes of sweet urine
41
Diabetes Insipidus
destruction of ADH producing cells Symptoms: urinates frequently, not sweet, thirsty
42
Kidney stones
Hard mass of crystals in kidneys, bladder or urethra that grows over time Symptoms: blood in urine, burning urinating, nausea
43
hemodialysis
Blood filtered outside of the body
44
peritonial dialysis
blood filtered inside the body

Biology 20 (9 decks)

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