Circulatory system and Blood (8.1+8.2) Flashcards
8.1- Circulatory system 8.2 Blood and Immunity
Circulatory system
a system in the body that includes two loops. One loop delivers oxygenated blood to the body, the other delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Functions of the circulatory system (4)
- Transports:
- O2 to the cells
- Nutrients from the digestive
system to the cells - hormones to the body cells
- waste from body cells to
excretory organs
- Distributes Body heat
- Maintains a constant pH in tissue fluids
- Prevents infections
The systemic system
Carries blood throughout the the body and elives nutrients and oxygen while removing oxygen and waste (except heart and lungs)
The pulmonary system
Caries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs where CO2 is eliminated and oxygen is picked up, then brings it to the left side of the heart where it is distributed to the systemic system
The coronary system
provides blood to the heart via the coronary arteries
Name the parts of the heart & label in 8.1 notes book (pg 3)
Right side (view left side):
Aorta
Superior Vena cava
Right Atrium
AV Valve
Right Ventricle
Inferior Vena cava
Left side (view right side):
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
AV valve
Left ventricles
Septum
Layers of Heart
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Pericardium
(around) Thin closed sac surrounding the heart filled with clear liquid that reduces friction when beating
Myocardium
(middle) Middle layer of the heart wall, made mostly of cardiac muscle
Endocardium
Inner layer that forms the heart chamber lining
Heart chambers
there’s 4 of them
- The 2 atria
- the 2 ventricles
Atria
two chambers that hold blood that enters the heart from the systemic and pulmonary systems
Ventricles
Strong chambers that pump blood to the tissues in the body
Heart valves
There’s 4
- 2 AV valves
- 2 semi-lunar valves
AV Valves
Between the atria and ventricles that consist of two or three flaps of tissue
- Left side has the bicuspid valve (two flaps of tissue)
- Right side has the tricuspid valve (three flaps)
Semilunar valves
Found where the blood vessels attach to the ventricles (pulmonary artery and Aorta) that consist of three flaps of tissue that resemble half moons
Apex
The bottom of the heart
Dorsal
The back
Chordae tendonae
Anchors the valves and pulls them open an shut
Arteries function
Carry blood away from the heart
Arteries traits (6)
- Thick muscular walls with three tissue layers
- Stretch to accommodate rushing blood
- Blood flows according to elasticity
- Various sizes
- Smaller ones are Arterioles
- branch to capillaries
Veins Traits (5)
- Branch into venules, the veins
- Walls are thinner and weaker than arteries
- Pressure of blood is less so more valves to push blood back to the heart
- Contraction of skeletal muscles surrounding veins help with blood flow
- Start off small then converge
Veins function
Carries blood back to the heart