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Respiratory System (anatomy) Flashcards

1
Q

Name parts of the upper respiratory tract ?

A

Nasal cavity
Nostril
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

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2
Q

Name parts of the lower respiratory tract ?

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Right/ left bronchus
Right / left lung
Diaphragm

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3
Q

What does the upper airway consist of ?

A

Nasal cavity
Oral cavity
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Larynx
Oesophagus
Trachea

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4
Q

What functions do the airways serve in the upper respiratory tract ?

A

Filter
Warm
Humidify

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5
Q

What functions do the airways serve in the lower respiratory tract?

A

Air condition
Gas exchange

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6
Q

Whats the respiratory tree ?

A

Transports air from the environment to the lungs for gas exchange.
A complex branched network of tubes that decrease in diameter at each level.

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7
Q

At what level does the trachea divide into left and right primary bronchi ?

A

At the sternal angle

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8
Q

When does the primary bronchi divide into secondary bronchi ?

A

Inside the lung

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9
Q

What does the secondary bronchi branch turn into ?

A

Tertiary bronchi

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10
Q

What does the tertiary brach turn into ?

A

Bronchioles

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11
Q

What do bronchioles branch into ?

A

Terminal bronchioles

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12
Q

What do terminal bronchioles branch into ?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

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13
Q

What do respiratory bronchioles branch into ?

A

Alveolar ducts

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14
Q

Where do alveolar ducts end?

A

Alveoli

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15
Q

How is the alveolar sac formed ?

A

By several alveoli clump together to form the sac

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16
Q

How long is the trachea ?

A

12 cm long

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17
Q

What’s the shape of the trachea ?

A

C shaped cartilage ring

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18
Q

What’s the trachea muscle called ?

A

Trachealis muscle
Found in posterior wall (involuntary) allow trachea to contract and decrease in diameter.

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19
Q

Whats the trachea anterior to ?

A

Oesophagus

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20
Q

What are the airways within the thoracic cavity ?

A

Trachea
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

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21
Q

What are the 7 structures of the lung hilum?

A

Primary bronchus
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Bronchial artery
Bronchial vein
Nerves
Lymphatic

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22
Q

What is the most posterior structure in the lung hilum ?

A

Bronchi

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23
Q

What does bronchi contain ?

A

Cartilage in their walls

24
Q

What do the pulmonary arteries convey ?

A

Deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
They are the more superior of the blood vessels in the hilum.

25
Whats do pulmonary veins convey?
Oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart from distribution around the body. They are the more inferior of the blood vessels in the hilum.
26
What the process of pulmonary circulation ?
Process in which moves blood between the heart and lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood then flow back to the heart.
27
Whats the thoracic cavity?
A space inside the thorax that contains the heart, lungs and other organs and tissues.
28
Whats the function of pleura ?
Provide protection and smooth lubricating elastic surface for the lungs to move during breathing
29
What is pleura ?
Is a double layered serous membrane that covers each lung and lines the thoracic cavity.
30
What are the 3 layers of pleura ?
Parietal pleura Visceral pleura Pleural cavity
31
What is visceral pleura ?
Inner layer covers the lungs, blood vessels, nerves and bronchi. In direct contact with lungs.
32
What is parietal pleura ?
Outer membrane that lines the inner chest wall and diaphragm.
33
What is the pleural cavity ( also known as intraplaural space)?
Is the space between the the visceral and parietal pleura.
34
What are the inferior margins of the lungs in quiet respiration?
Rib 6 in midclavicular line Rib 8 in midaxillary line Vertebra T10 posteriorly
35
What are the pharynx subdivisions ?
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx
36
What are the differences between the left lungs and right lung?
Left lung is smaller because of the space taken up by the heart (narrow and long ). Left lungs consists of 2 lobes (superior and inferior ) - has a lingula. 1 fissure (oblique) Right lung is bigger due to the position of the liver. (short and wide) Right lungs consists of 3 lobes (superior, middle and inferior ). 2 fissures (oblique and horizontal ).
37
What’s the difference between the right and left bronchus?
Right bronchus is shorter, wider and more vertical. Left lung is longer, narrow and less vertical.
38
How are the impressions and base of lungs different ?
Right lung less prominent cardiac impressions. More concave because of liver (base) . Left lungs cardiac notch and aortic groove (impressions). Less concave (base).
39
What’s does the right lung have ?
Apex Horizontal fissure Oblique fissure
40
What does left lung have ?
Cardiac notch Oblique fisher Lingula
41
Hats does the hilum consist of ?
Primary bronchus Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins
42
What’d does the primary bronchus do?
Carries air to and from the lungs via the trachea.
43
What does the pulmonary artery do ?
Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
44
What’s do pulmonary veins do?
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs tot he heart .
45
What are the 7 structure of the hilum?
Primary bronchus Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins Bronchial artery Bronchial veins Nerves Lymphatics.
46
What’s the function of the epiglottis ?
Prevents food and liquid from entering the lower airways.
47
What are 4 subdivision of the pleura ?
Diaphragmatic Costal Cervical Mediastinal
48
What vertebral level does bifurcation of the trachea occur ?
IV T4/T5.
49
What is the parasympathetic inervation to the lungs?
Vagus nerve. Bronchoconstriction in the lungs. Slow deep breaths.
50
What are two layer of pleura and how do they differ ?
Parietal - thoracic wall. Visceral - lung surface.
51
What structure marks the last part f the conducting airways ?
Terminal bronchioles.
52
What’s the difference between the right and left primary bronchus ?
Right primary bronchus is shorter, wider and more vertical. Left primary bronchus is narrow, long and less vertical.
53
At what level is the bifurcation of the trachea ? What does the trachea bifurcate into ?
4/5 thoracic vertebra. Trachea divides into left and right mainstream bronchi.
54
How does the larynx of an infant differ from an adult?
Infant airway is small in diameter and shorter in length than an adults. Infants larynx is higher and located more anterior than adults. Infants tongue is relatively larger within the oropharynx than adults. Infants trachea is softer, consisting more cartilage than adults. Infants windpipe begins at the 3/4 vertebrae. Adults start at 5/6 cervical vertebra. Adults epiglottis is flat, flexible and narrowest part of airway. Infants epiglottis is horseshoe shaped, shorter and stiffer. Infants cricoid cartilage is through to be the narrowest region.
55
What is the inner talon of the visceral pleura and how does that differ from the parietal pleura?
The parietal pleura is the thicker and more durable outer later that lines the inner aspect of the thoracic cavity. The visceral pleura is the more delicate inner layer of pleura that lines the outer surface of the lung itself.
56
What is the sympathetic innervation to the lungs?
Sympathetic chain (T1-T4). Bronchodilation in the lungs. Fast shallow breaths.
57
What is the somatic innervation to the lungs?
Phrenic nerve. Voluntary movement and somatic sensation to diaphragm and parietal pleura.

Anatomy (7 decks)

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