Gastrointetsinal System (anatomy) Flashcards by Molly Noden

What organs are apart of the GI tract ?

Oesophagus
Liver
Stomach
Duodenum
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Jejunum
Ileum
Descending colon
Cecum
Appendix
Rectum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What’s the function of digestion ?

Gastric acid
Bile
Pancreatic juices

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What’s the function of mechanical breakdown and propulsion ?

Peristalsis
Segmentation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What’s the function of absorption ?

Nutrients
Water

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 3 sections of the gut tube?

Foregut

Midgut

Hindgut

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Whats organs are apart of the foregut ?

Oesophagus
Stomach
Proximal half duodenum
Liver
Pancreas
Spleen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does the oesophagus begin ?

Begins at inferior end of pharynx.
Through diaphragm T10.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are 3 main constrictions of the oesophagus ?

Origin.
Crosses by arch of aorta and left bronchus.
Through diaphragm.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the transpyloric plane ?

Is an axial plane located midway between the jugular notch and supeuro border of pubic symphsis.
At the level of L1 vertebral body.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is mesentery?

Double layer of peritoneum which attached intraperitoneal organs to the abdominal wall and supplies blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics.
Attaches to the small and large intestines.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is omentum?

Are sheets of visceral peritoneum that extend from the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to other abdominal organs.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Whats the greater omentum?

Is made up of fibro fatty tissue that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What’s the lesser omentum ?

Is a double layer of visceral peritoneum that attaches from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal parts of the duodenum.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What organ is the duodenum ?

Retroperitoneal organ (covered by parietal peritoneum)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum ?

Superior (at L1)
Descending (at L2/L3)
Transverse (at L3)
Ascending (at L2)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vertebral level is the superior part of the duodenum ?

Vertebral level of L1.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vertebral level is the descending part of the duodenum?

Vertebral level at L2 and L3.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vertebral level is the transverse part of the duodenum ?

Vertebral level L3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vertebral level is the ascending part of the duodenum?

Vertebral level at L2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What organs are apart of the midgut ?

Distal half duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Caecum
Ascending colon
Proximal 2/3rds transverse colon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What organ is the jejunum and ileum ?

Intraperitoneal structures attached to posterior abdominal wall by the mesentery.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the component parts of the large intestines ?

Cancun
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anal canal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the appendix attach to ?

The Caecum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does the ascending colon terminate?

Terminates at the hepatic/ right colic flexture.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What structure (peritoneum) is the ascending colon?

Retroperitoneal

Where does the transverse colon terminate?

Terminates at the splenic/left colic flexure

What structure (peritoneum) is the descending colon?

Retroperitoneal

What’s the haustra in the large intestines ?

Small pouches caused by sacculation which gives the colon its segmented appearance.

What the Taenia coli in the large intestines?

Runs the length of the large intestines

What’s the omental appendages in the large intestines ?

Small pouches of the peritoneum filled with fat and situated along the colon but are absent in the rectum.

What organs are apart of the hindgut?

Distal 1/3rd of transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anal canal

What is the rectum and anal canal continuous with ?

Continuous with sigmoid colon at s3. Continuous with anal canal at time of coccyx.

How many transverse rectal folds are there ?

3 . 2 left and 1 right.

What’s the porta hepatis ?

Hilum of liver Site of entrance / exit for the main structures associated with the liver. Where the major vessels and ducts enter or level the organ.

What does the portal triad consist of ?

Hepatic portal vein Hepatic artery proper Bile duct

What structure (peritoneum) is the liver ?

Intraperitoneal organ with associated ligaments

What are the 4 ligaments of the liver ?

Falciform ligament (anteriorly) Contains ligamentum teres (umbilical vein remnant). Coronary ligament (superiorly) surrounded bare area. Triangular ligament (laterally).

What structure (peritoneum) is the pancreas?

Retroperitoneal

What does pancreas consist of ?

Head Neck Body Tail Uncinate process

Where does the main pancreatic duct open ?

Opens into the 2nd part of the duodenum with the bile duct as the hepatopancreatic ampulla.

Where does the accessory pancreatic ducts open?

Opens at minor duodenal papilla.

Where are the arterial supply’s ?

Foregut - coeliac trunk (T12) Midgut - superior mesenteric artery (L1) Hindgut - inferior mesenteric artey (L3)

Where does the Coeliac trunk supply?

Lower oesophagus Stomach Liver Gallbladder Pancreas and spleen Proximal half of duodenum.

What are the Coeliac trunk branches ?

Left gastric Splenic Common hepatic arteries

Where does the superior mesenteric supply ?

Distal half of duodenum Small intestines Large intestines up tot he splenic flexure Organs of the midgut.

Where does the inferior mesentric supply ?

Distal transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum. Organs of hindgut.

What is hepatic portal vein formed by?

Formed by the union of the splenic vein ( receives the inferior mesenteric vein) and supplies the superior mesenteric vein.

What is the hepatic portal vein posterior to ?

Neck of the pancreas

What does the hepatic portal vein receive?

Receives most of the blood from the GI tract.

What does the autonomic nervous system consist of ?

Coeliac gangloin Superior mesenteric ganglion Inferior mesenteric ganglion

What does parasympathic do ? (Autonomic nervous system)

Rest and digest. Craniosacral outflow

What are the 3 smooth muscles in the stomach wall?

Oblique Circular Longitudinal

What distinguishing features of the large intestines ?

Taenia coli Omental appendages Haustra Semilunar valves

What are retroperitoneal organs covered by ?

Parietal peritoneum

What are intraperitoneal organs covered by ?

Visceral peritoneum.

What is parietal peritoneum?

Is the outer layer of peritoneum. Connects to the abdominal walls and retroperitoneal organs.

What’s visceral peritoneum?

Is the inner layer. Wraps around internal organs located inside the intraperitoneal space.

What’s retroperitoneal ?

The area in the back of the abdomen behind the peritoneum. Organs behind the peritoneum are retroperitoneal such as pancreas, kidneys, rectum, oesophagus.

What’s intraperitoneal?

It’s inside the peritoneum (organs within). Intraperitoneal organs are stomach, liver, small intestines, spleen.

Is true liver retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal ?

It’s intraperitoneal however it has one part which isn’t covered in peritoneum called the bare surface.