Heart Flashcards
Where about does the heart sit ?
Sits towards the left side
Sits between T5-T9.
When the diaphragm contract and relaxes it pulls the heart with it.
Situated behind the sternum.
What’s the heart in contact with ?
Anterior surface
Base
Left pulmonary surface
Right pulmonary surface
Apex
Diaphragmatic surface
What are the surface margins of the heart ?
Right margin = right atrium.
Left margin = mostly left ventricle and small parts of left ventricle.
Inferior margin = mostly right ventricle with small amount of left ventricle (apex).
Anterior (sternocostal surface) = right ventricle /small of the atria.
What’s the mediastinum?
A space in the chest that holds the heart and other important structures.
Middle section of thoracic cavity, between left and right pleural cavities.
What can the mediastinum be divided into ?
Can be divided by a line being drown from the sternal angle to T4/T5.
Superior = above the line.
Inferior = below the line.
Inferior can be divided further into:
Anterior (posterior sternum to anterior pericardium).
Middle ( pericardium, heart root of the great vessels).
Posterior( posterior of pericardium to anterior spine).
What’s the pericardium ?
A protective fluid filled sac that surrounds your heart and helps it function properly.
What’s fibrous (pericardium )?
Is the tough outermost layer of pericardium.
Made of connective tissue that prevents the heart from expanding too much.
Attaches to great vessels at the top of the heart and to the central tendon of the diaphragm.
What’s the serious layer (pericardium)?
Serous layer is the inner layer and splits into parietal and visceral tissue.
Space in between them forms the pericardial cavity.
What are the layers of the pericardium and heart ?
Fibrous pericardium.
Parietal pericardium.
Visceral pericardium.
(These 3 are serous pericardium).
Pericardial cavity.
Myocardium
Endocardium.
What is the interatrial septum ?
Is a thin wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart.
Prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.
What is the atrio-ventricular septa?
Separates the right atrium from the left ventricle.
Divides heart into left and right sides.
Prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
What is the interventricualr septum ?
A muscular wall that divides the hearts ventricles into left and right halves.
Helps keep blood flowing in the correct direction through the heart and has a role in electrical conduction.
What’s the flow of blood in the heart?
Blood flows from the vena cave to the right atria.
Then through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle.
Then through pulmonary valve to pulmonary artery.
Then travels to the lungs to be re oxygenated.
Once oxygenated blood travels to pulmonary veins.
Into the right atrium then mitral valve into the left ventricle.
Finally the aortic valve to the aorta by Which oxygenated blood gets plumped around the body.
What structures are apart of the right atrium?
Superior / inferior vena cave
Auricular appendage.
Crista terminalis.
Fossa ovalis.
Pectinate muscles.
Opening of coronary sinus.
What structures are apart of the right ventricle?
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary valve
Tricuspid valve
Chordae tendinae
Papillary muscle
Trabeculae carnae
Moderator band.
What structures are apart of the left atrium ?
Left auricle
Bicuspid (mitral) valve.
Fossa ovalis.
4 pulmonary veins.
What structures are apart of the left ventricle?
Mitral valve (bicuspid).
Chordae tendinae.
Papillary muscle .
Trabecuale carnae.
What are the anterior great vessels?
Right common carotid artery.
Left common carotid artery.
Right subclavian artery.
Left subclavian artery.
Brachiocephalic trunk.
Aorta.
Right and left pulmonary veins.
What are the posterior great vessels?
Left and right internal jugular vein.
Left and right subclavian vein.
Left and right brachiocephalic vein.
Superior vena cava.
Left and right pulmonary arteries.
Inferior vena cava.
What is the conduction system composed of ?
Sinoatrial node (SA).
Atrioventricualr bundle of his (AV).
Purkinje fibers /subendocardial fibers.
What are the autonomic regulations of the heart ?
Sympathetic (T1-T4) = eccerate heart rate and dilate coronary vessels.
Parasympathetic (vagus) = slow the rate of the heart and constrict coronary vessels.
What are the valves of the heart ?
Composed of 4 valves.
Semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves).
Atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral valves).
What are the positions of the valves ?
Tricuspid valve = posteriorly to the right side of the sternum at the level of the right 4 costal cartilage.
Mitral valve = posteriorly to the left side of the sternum at the level of the left 4 costal cartilage.
Aortic valve = posteriorly to the left side of the sternum at the level of the third intercostal space.
Pulmonary valve = at the junction of sternum and left 3rd costal cartilage.
