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Anatomy > Accesory Organs Of Digestion (anantomy) > Flashcards

Accesory Organs Of Digestion (anantomy) Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the liver located ?

A

Right hypochondrium and epigastric regions and extends into the left hypocondrium

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2
Q

What’s the function of the liver ?

A

Bile production
Filters blood (removes toxins)
Regulates amino acids
Processes glucose
Albumin production

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3
Q

What’s the structure of the liver ?

A

Consists of 4 lobes
Right / left are divided by falciform ligament
Liver lobes divide into 8 segments.
Each lobe has a duct flowing toward the common hepatic duct (drains bile from liver)

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4
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A

Right
Left
Caudate
Bare

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5
Q

What’s are the 4 ligaments of the liver ?

A

Falciform ligament
Triangular ligament
Coronary ligament
Teres ligament

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6
Q

What’s the falciform ligament ?

A

A thin fibrous ligament that separates the two lobes of the liver and connect it to the abdominal wall.

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7
Q

What’s the coronary ligament ?

A

Consist of an upper and lower layer.
Upper layer is formed by reflection of the peritoneum from the upper margin of the bare area of the liver to the undersurface of the diaphragm.
Lower layer is reflected from the lower margin of the bare area on to the right kidney and suprarenal gland.

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8
Q

What’ does the triangular ligament do ?

A

Provide structural support to help hold the liver in place

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9
Q

What does the teres ligament do?

A

It connects the liver to the umbilicus

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10
Q

What’s does the porta hepatis consist of ?

A

Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery
Common bile duct

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11
Q

What the hepatic artery ?

A

The main blood vessel that supplies the liver with oxygenated blood

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12
Q

What’s the hepatic portal vein ?

A

The blood vessel that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen to the liver

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13
Q

What the common bile duct ?

A

A tube tat Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder through the pancreas and small intestines.

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14
Q

What’s the common hepatic duct ?

A

A tube that carries bile out of the liver
Formed from the intersection of the right and left hepatic ducts.

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15
Q

What’s glissons capsule ?

A

A layer of loose connective tissue that surrounds the liver and its related arteries and ducts.

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16
Q

What are lobes of the liver?

A

Anatomical section of the liver

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17
Q

What’s peritoneum ?

A

A membrane covering the liver that forms the exterior

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18
Q

Where is the gallbladder located ?

A

Right hypochondrium and epigastric region

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19
Q

What’s the function of the gallbladder ?

A

Stores and concentrates bile.
Bile is released in response to the hormone cholecystokin.
Excretion of bilirubin

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20
Q

How many parts does the gallbladder have and what are they ?

A

3 parts
Fundus
Body
Neck

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21
Q

What’s the fundus?

A

Distal portion. Projects into the inferior surface of the liver in the mid clavicular line.

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22
Q

What’s the body ?

A

Largest part
Lies adjacent to the posterior inferior aspect of the liver, transverse colon.

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23
Q

What’s the neck?

A

Tapers to become continuous with the cystic duct leading to the biliary tree.
Contains a mucus fold.

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24
Q

Whats the function of the biliary tract?

A

To drain waste products from the liver into the duodenum.
Help with digestion with controlled release of bile.

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25
Q

Where is the pancreas located ?

A

In the epigastric and ambilical region

26
Q

What’s the function of the pancreas ?

A

Produces enzymes that help digest foods.
Produces the hormone insulin enzymes travel down the pancreatic ducts

27
Q

What are the parts of the pancreas ?

A

Head
Neck
Body
Tail

28
Q

What is the head of the pancreas?

A

Head is the wider part, sits in the curve of the duodenum.

29
Q

What’ is the neck of the pancreas ?

A

Short part, extending from the head

30
Q

What is the body of the pancreas?

A

Middle part, between head and neck.

31
Q

What is the tail of the pancreas ?

A

Thinnest part, located near your spleen.

32
Q

What blood vessel surround the pancreas?

A

Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric vein
Portal vein
Celiac axis

33
Q

Where is the spleen located ?

A

Found in the upper left side of the abdomen.
Left hypochondrium and epigasteric region.
Sits at ribs 7-10

34
Q

What’s the function of the spleen?

A

Stores blood.
Filters blood (removing cellular waste and gets rid of damaged/ old blood).
Makes white blood cells and antibodies.
Maintains the level of fluid in the body.

35
Q

What’s the structure of the spleen?

A

Has an oval shape.
Covered by weak capsule that protects the organ.
Outer surface can be divided into diaphragmatic surface which contract with diaphragm and rib cage.

36
Q

What are the parts of the spleen ?

A

White pulp
Red pulp

37
Q

Whats white pulp in the spleen ?

A

Part of the immune system. White pulp produces white blood cells. Make antibodies to fight infection.

38
Q

What’s red pulp in the spleen ?

A

Acts as a filter.
Removes waste.
Destroys bacteria and viruses.

39
Q

What artery gives rise to the splenic artery?

A

Celiac trunk

40
Q

Where is the stomach located ?

A

Upper abdomen on the left side.
Epigateric and hypocondrium.

41
Q

What’s the function of the stomach ?

A

Stores food.
Contracts and relaxes to break down food.
Produces enzymes to digest food.

42
Q

What enzymes does the stomach produce ?

A

Pepsin
Gastric amylase
Gastric lipase

43
Q

The stomach has several layers of muscles what are they ?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

44
Q

What’s the mucosa ?

A

The stomach inner lining.
When empty it has small ridges

45
Q

What’s the submucosa ?

A

Contains
connective tissue
Blood vessels
Lymph vessels
And nerve cells

46
Q

What’s the muscularis ?

A

External
Primary muscle
Consists of 3 layers that contract and relax to break down food.

47
Q

What’s the serosa?

A

Layer of membrane that covers the stomach.

48
Q

Where are the small intestines located ?

A

Umbilical and lumbar regions

49
Q

What the function of the small intestines ?

A

Break down food.
Absorbs nutrients the body needs.
Excretes unnecessary components.

50
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestines ?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

51
Q

What is the duodenum ?

A

First part of small intestines.
Make digestive juices and enzymes to break down food.

52
Q

What is the jejunum ?

A

Consists of muscles that churn food.
Parastalisis is an involuntary muscle movement to keep food moving.

53
Q

What is the ileum?

A

Last section of small intestines.
Absorbs nutrients from digested food.
Where food spends most of its time.

54
Q

Where is the large intestine located ?

A

In the umbilical and right lumbar/liliac regions .

55
Q

What’s the function of the large intestines?

A

Absorbs water and electrolytes.
Producing and absorbing vitamins.
Forming and propelling feces towards the rectum for elimination.

56
Q

What are the 5 parts of the large intestines ?

A

Cecum
ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon.

57
Q

What is the cecum?

A

First part of large intestines.
Receives digested food waste from small intestines.
Appendix hangs off the end.

58
Q

What is the ascending colon ?

A

Second part of large intestines.
Absorbs water and electrolytes.

59
Q

What is the transverse colon?

A

Third part of the large intestines.
Loners part runs form right to left at the top of the abdomen.

60
Q

What’s the descending colon?

A

Forth part of the large intestines.
The process of turning food waste into poop.

61
Q

What’s the sigmoid colon ?

A

Last part of the large intestines.
Final step in truing food waste into a solid mass.

Anatomy (6 decks)

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