Accesory Organs Of Digestion (anantomy)

Question 1

Where is the liver located ?

Answer 1

Right hypochondrium and epigastric regions and extends into the left hypocondrium

Question 2

What’s the function of the liver ?

Answer 2

Bile production
Filters blood (removes toxins)
Regulates amino acids
Processes glucose
Albumin production

Question 3

What’s the structure of the liver ?

Answer 3

Consists of 4 lobes
Right / left are divided by falciform ligament
Each lobe has a duct flowing toward the common hepatic duct (drains bile from liver)

Question 4

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

Answer 4

Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate

Bare

Question 5

What’s are the 4 ligaments of the liver ?

Answer 5

Falciform ligament
Triangular ligament
Coronary ligament
Teres ligament

Question 6

What’s does the porta hepatis consist of ?

Answer 6

Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery
Common bile duct

Question 7

What the hepatic artery ?

Answer 7

The main blood vessel that supplies the liver with oxygenated blood

Question 8

What’s the hepatic portal vein ?

Answer 8

The blood vessel that carries blood to the liver from the intestines, spleen, pancreas and gallbladder.

Question 9

What the common bile duct ?

Answer 9

A tube tat Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder through the pancreas and small intestines.

Question 10

What’s the common hepatic duct ?

Answer 10

A tube that carries bile out of the liver
Formed from the intersection of the right and left hepatic ducts.

Question 11

What’s glissons capsule ?

Answer 11

A layer of loose connective tissue that surrounds the liver and its related arteries and ducts.

Question 12

Where is the gallbladder located ?

Answer 12

Right hypochondrium and epigastric region

Question 13

What’s the function of the gallbladder ?

Answer 13

Stores and concentrates bile.
Bile is released in response to the hormone cholecystokin.
Excretion of bilirubin

Question 14

How many parts does the gallbladder have and what are they ?

Answer 14

3 parts
Fundus
Body
Neck

Question 15

Whats the function of the biliary tract?

Answer 15

To drain waste products from the liver into the duodenum.
Help with digestion with controlled release of bile.

Question 16

Where is the pancreas located ?

Answer 16

In the epigastric and ambilical region

Question 17

What’s the function of the pancreas ?

Answer 17

Produces enzymes that help digest foods.
Produces the hormone insulin enzymes travel down the pancreatic ducts

Question 18

What are the parts of the pancreas ?

Answer 18

Head
Neck
Body
Tail

Question 19

What blood vessel surround the pancreas?

Answer 19

Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric vein
Portal vein
Celiac axis

Question 20

Where is the spleen located ?

Answer 20

Found in the upper left side of the abdomen.
Left hypochondrium and epigasteric region.
Sits at ribs 7-10

Question 21

What’s the function of the spleen?

Answer 21

Stores blood.
Filters blood (removing cellular waste and gets rid of damaged/ old blood).
Makes white blood cells and antibodies.
Maintains the level of fluid in the body.

Question 22

What’s the structure of the spleen?

Answer 22

Has an oval shape.
Surrounded by a connective tissue capsule.
Outer surface can be divided into diaphragmatic surface which contract with diaphragm and rib cage.
Spleen consists of 2 lobes white and red pulp.

Question 23

What are the parts of the spleen ?

Answer 23

White pulp
Red pulp

Question 24

Whats white pulp in the spleen ?

Answer 24

Part of the immune system. White pulp produces white blood cells. Make antibodies to fight infection.

Question 25

What’s red pulp in the spleen ?

Answer 25

Acts as a filter. Removes waste. Destroys bacteria and viruses.

Question 26

What artery gives rise to the splenic artery?

Answer 26

Celiac trunk

Question 27

Where is the stomach located ?

Answer 27

Epigateric Left hypochondrium Umbilical

Question 28

What’s the function of the stomach ?

Answer 28

Stores food. Contracts and relaxes to break down food. Produces enzymes to digest food.

Question 29

What enzymes does the stomach produce ?

Answer 29

Pepsin Protease Gastric amylase Gastric lipase

Question 30

The stomach has several layers of muscles what are they ?

Answer 30

Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Serosa

Question 31

Where are the small intestines located ?

Answer 31

Right and left lumbar Right and left Lliac Umbilical Hypogastric

Question 32

What the function of the small intestines ?

Answer 32

Break down food. Absorbs nutrients the body needs. Excretes unnecessary components.

Question 33

What are the 3 parts of the small intestines ?

Answer 33

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 34

Where is the large intestine located ?

Answer 34

In the umbilical and right lumbar/liliac regions .

Question 35

What’s the function of the large intestines?

Answer 35

Absorbs water and electrolytes. Producing and absorbing vitamins. Forming and propelling feces towards the rectum for elimination.

Question 36

What are the 5 parts of the large intestines ?

Answer 36

Cecum ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon.

Question 37

Why does the liver receive blood from the gut prior to it being returned to the systemic circulation ?

Answer 37

Portal veins carries blood from organs in the abdomen to the liver. This blood must pass through the liver from filtering and processing before returning to the systemic circulation.

Question 38

What is the relationship of the pancreas to the duodenum?

Answer 38

The digestive juices (enzymes) flow down a tube (pancreatic duct) into the duodenum .

Question 39

What effects does ageing have on the liver ?

Answer 39

The colour of liver changes from lighter to darker brown. Size of blood flow decreases. The ability of the liver to metabolise many substances decreases with aging . Repair of damaged liver cells is slower In older people. Production and flow of bile decrease with aging. As result gallstones.