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Anatomy Of The Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the thoracic wall?

A

A framework that is held together by twelve thoracic vertebrae posteriorly which give rise to the ribs.

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2
Q

What forms the thoracic wall?

A

Ribs (including costal cartilage) thoracic vertebrae and sternum.

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3
Q

What’s the function of the thoracic wall?

A

Breathing - contains lungs. And provides machinery necessary (diaphragm, ribs, vertebrae, muscles).
Protection of vital organs - ( heart, lungs, great vessels)
Conduit - passage from one body region to the other. Nerves, arteries, veins, lymphatic and other structures.

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4
Q

What the sternal angel?

A

The junction between the anterior surfaces of the manubrium and body of the sternum.

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5
Q

What does the spine consist of?

A

Cervical -7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum -5
Coccyx - 3-4

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6
Q

How many pairs of ribs ?

A

12 pairs

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7
Q

What ribs are true ribs ?

A

Ribs 1-7
They attach directly to the sternum via its costal cartilage

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8
Q

What ribs are false ?

A

Ribs 8-10
Attaches to the sternum via the costal cartilage

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9
Q

What ribs are floating ?

A

Ribs 11- 12
Do not attach to the sternum but still have costal cartilage

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10
Q

What’s apart of the sternum ?

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

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11
Q

What runs in the costal groove (neurovascular bundle) ?

A

Intercostal vein
Intercostal artery
Intercostal nerve

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12
Q

What are the joints of the thorax ?

A

Costovertebral joint
Costotransverse joint
Sternocostal joint

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13
Q

What’s the role of the costovertebral and constotransverse joint ?

A

Movement of the thorax

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14
Q

What does the intercostal muscle consist of ?

A

External intercostal (inspiration)
Internal intercostal (expiration forced)
Innermost intercostal (expiration forced )
Collaternal branches
Neurovascular bundle

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15
Q

What are the primary muscles involved in the r
Process of inhalation ?

A

Diaphragm

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16
Q

What’s the location and joint type of the costovertebral ?

A

Location - between the ribs and vertebrae
Join type - synovial plane

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17
Q

What’s the location and joint type of costotransverse ?

A

Location - between the tubercle and the corresponding transverse process.
Joint type - synovial plane

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18
Q

What’s the location and joint type of costochondral ?

A

Location - between the rings and own costal cartilage.
Joint type - primary cartilaginous.

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19
Q

What’s the location and joint type of costosternal ?

A

Location - between costal cartilage and sternum.
Joint type - synovial plane.

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20
Q

What’s the location and joint type of manubriosternal ?

A

Location - between manubrium and body of sternum.
Joint type - secondary cartilaginous

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21
Q

Whats the location and joint type of the xiphisternal ?

A

Location - Between xiphoid process and body of sternum.
Joint type - primary cartilaginous

22
Q

What’s the location and joint type of the intervertebral?

A

Location - between vertebral bodies of adjacent vertebrae./ between articular processes of adjacent vertebrae.
Joint type - secondary cartilaginous/ synovial plane

23
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration ?

A

Height of domes decreases and the volume of the thorax increases

24
Q

What kind of tissue is the diaphragm ?

A

Musculotendinous sheet

25
It has three muscular parts what are they ?
Sternal Costal Lumbar
26
The diaphragm is shaped as 2 domes what’s the difference between them ?
The right dome is positioned slightly higher than the left due to the liver. ( up to rib 5)
27
What are the muscles of inspiration ?
Sternocleidomastoid Scalenes External intercostal Diaphragm
28
What does sternocleidomastoid do? (Inspiration)
Elevates the sternum
29
The scalene consists of 3 paired muscles what are they ?(inspiration)
Anterior Middle Posterior Located in the lateral aspect of the neck
30
What does the anterior and middles scalene do ?(inspiration)
Elevates the first rib. Also flexes and laterally bends the neck to same side.
31
What does the posterior scalene do ? (Inspiration)
Elevates the second rib and tilt the neck to the same side
32
What does the external intercostal muscles do ? (inspiration)
Elevate ribs thus increasing width of thoracic cavity
33
What does the diaphragm do ? (Inspiration)
Drone descends, thus increasing vertical dimension of thoracic cavity.
34
What are the muscles of expiration?
Internal intercostal External oblique Internal oblique Transversus abdominis Rectus adominis
35
What does internal intercostal do ? ( expiration )
Forced expiration Depressing the ribs Shrinking the diameter of the thorax cavity and pushing air out of the lungs
36
What does the external oblique do ? (Expiration)
Help pull the chest as a whole downwards whoosh compresses the abdominal cavity
37
What does the internal oblique do ? (Expiration)
Flexes and bends the trunk. Assists forced expiration by depression the lower ribs. Helps maintain intra- abdominal pressure.
38
What does the transversus abdominis do ? (Expiration)
Stabilises the trunk and maintains internal abdominal pressure.
39
What does the rectus abdominis do ? (Expiration)
Move the body between the ribcage and the pelvis
40
What is quite breathing ?
The expiration of passive recoil of lungs and rib cage and relaxation of the diaphragm.
41
What is active breathing?
When internal intercostal muscles contract. Abdominal musculature depresses lower ribs and compresses abdominal contents thus pushing up diaphragm
42
Where do intercostal arteries arise from ?
Thoracic aorta
43
Where do anterior intercostal arteries arise from?
Internal thoracic artery
44
Where does the intercostal artery run from ?
Costal groove
45
Where do the collateral branches run?
Superior surface of rib below
46
Where do intercostal veins drain to ?
Azygos vein on the right Hemiazygos vein and accessory vein on the left. Azygos system of veins drain into the superior vena cave
47
Where do anterior intercostal veins drain?
Into the internal thoracic vein which drains the brachiocephalic veins
48
Whats the origin of the nerves ?
Ventral ramus of spinal nerves T1-T11. T12 is termed a subcostal nerve
49
What the function of the nerves?
Sensory to skin pleura Motor to intercostal muscles Carry motor and sensory fibers
50
What are the 3 subdivisions of the pharynx ?
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

Anatomy (7 decks)

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