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Anatomy > Anatomy Of The Thorax > Flashcards

Anatomy Of The Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the thoracic wall?

A

A framework that is held together by twelve thoracic vertebrae posteriorly which give rise to the ribs.

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2
Q

What forms the thoracic wall?

A

Ribs (including costal cartilage) thoracic vertebrae and sternum.

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3
Q

What’s the function of the thoracic wall?

A

Breathing - contains lungs. And provides machinery necessary (diaphragm, ribs, vertebrae, muscles).
Protection of vital organs - ( heart, lungs, great vessels)
Conduit - passage from one body region to the other. Nerves, arteries, veins, lymphatic and other structures.

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4
Q

What the sternal angel?

A

The junction between the anterior surfaces of the manubrium and body of the sternum.

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5
Q

What does the spine consist of?

A

Cervical -7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum -5
Coccyx - 3-4

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6
Q

How many pairs of ribs ?

A

12 pairs

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7
Q

What ribs are true ribs ?

A

Ribs 1-7
They attach directly to the sternum via its costal cartilage

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8
Q

What ribs are false ?

A

Ribs 8-10
Attaches to the sternum via the costal cartilage

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9
Q

What ribs are floating ?

A

Ribs 11- 12
Do not attach to the sternum but still have costal cartilage

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10
Q

What’s apart of the sternum ?

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

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11
Q

What runs in the costal groove (neurovascular bundle) ?

A

Intercostal vein
Intercostal artery
Intercostal nerve

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12
Q

What are the joints of the thorax ?

A

Costovertebral joint
Costotransverse joint
Sternocostal joint

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13
Q

What’s the role of the costovertebral and constotransverse joint ?

A

Movement of the thorax

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14
Q

What does the intercostal muscle consist of ?

A

External intercostal (inspiration)
Internal intercostal (expiration forced)
Innermost intercostal (expiration forced )
Collaternal branches
Neurovascular bundle

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15
Q

What are the primary muscles involved in the r
Process of inhalation ?

A

Diaphragm

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16
Q

What’s the location and joint type of the costovertebral ?

A

Location - between the ribs and vertebrae
Join type - synovial plane

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17
Q

What’s the location and joint type of costotransverse ?

A

Location - between the tubercle and the corresponding transverse process.
Joint type - synovial plane

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18
Q

What’s the location and joint type of costochondral ?

A

Location - between the rings and own costal cartilage.
Joint type - primary cartilaginous.

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19
Q

What’s the location and joint type of costosternal ?

A

Location - between costal cartilage and sternum.
Joint type - synovial plane.

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20
Q

What’s the location and joint type of manubriosternal ?

A

Location - between manubrium and body of sternum.
Joint type - secondary cartilaginous

21
Q

Whats the location and joint type of the xiphisternal ?

A

Location - Between xiphoid process and body of sternum.
Joint type - primary cartilaginous

22
Q

What’s the location and joint type of the intervertebral?

A

Location - between vertebral bodies of adjacent vertebrae./ between articular processes of adjacent vertebrae.
Joint type - secondary cartilaginous/ synovial plane

23
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration ?

A

Height of domes decreases and the volume of the thorax increases

24
Q

What kind of tissue is the diaphragm ?

A

Musculotendinous sheet

25
Q

It has three muscular parts what are they ?

A

Sternal
Costal
Lumbar

26
Q

The diaphragm is shaped as 2 domes what’s the difference between them ?

A

The right dome is positioned slightly higher than the left due to the liver. ( up to rib 5)

27
Q

What are the muscles of inspiration ?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
External intercostal
Diaphragm

28
Q

What does sternocleidomastoid do? (Inspiration)

A

Elevates the sternum

29
Q

The scalene consists of 3 paired muscles what are they ?(inspiration)

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior
Located in the lateral aspect of the neck

30
Q

What does the anterior and middles scalene do ?(inspiration)

A

Elevates the first rib.
Also flexes and laterally bends the neck to same side.

31
Q

What does the posterior scalene do ? (Inspiration)

A

Elevates the second rib and tilt the neck to the same side

32
Q

What does the external intercostal muscles do ? (inspiration)

A

Elevate ribs thus increasing width of thoracic cavity

33
Q

What does the diaphragm do ? (Inspiration)

A

Drone descends, thus increasing vertical dimension of thoracic cavity.

34
Q

What are the muscles of expiration?

A

Internal intercostal
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Rectus adominis

35
Q

What does internal intercostal do ? ( expiration )

A

Forced expiration
Depressing the ribs
Shrinking the diameter of the thorax cavity and pushing air out of the lungs

36
Q

What does the external oblique do ? (Expiration)

A

Help pull the chest as a whole downwards whoosh compresses the abdominal cavity

37
Q

What does the internal oblique do ? (Expiration)

A

Flexes and bends the trunk.
Assists forced expiration by depression the lower ribs.
Helps maintain intra- abdominal pressure.

38
Q

What does the transversus abdominis do ? (Expiration)

A

Stabilises the trunk and maintains internal abdominal pressure.

39
Q

What does the rectus abdominis do ? (Expiration)

A

Move the body between the ribcage and the pelvis

40
Q

What is quite breathing ?

A

The expiration of passive recoil of lungs and rib cage and relaxation of the diaphragm.

41
Q

What is active breathing?

A

When internal intercostal muscles contract.
Abdominal musculature depresses lower ribs and compresses abdominal contents thus pushing up diaphragm

42
Q

Where do intercostal arteries arise from ?

A

Thoracic aorta

43
Q

Where do anterior intercostal arteries arise from?

A

Internal thoracic artery

44
Q

Where does the intercostal artery run from ?

A

Costal groove

45
Q

Where do the collateral branches run?

A

Superior surface of rib below

46
Q

Where do intercostal veins drain to ?

A

Azygos vein on the right
Hemiazygos vein and accessory vein on the left.
Azygos system of veins drain into the superior vena cave

47
Q

Where do anterior intercostal veins drain?

A

Into the internal thoracic vein which drains the brachiocephalic veins

48
Q

Whats the origin of the nerves ?

A

Ventral ramus of spinal nerves T1-T11.
T12 is termed a subcostal nerve

49
Q

What the function of the nerves?

A

Sensory to skin pleura
Motor to intercostal muscles
Carry motor and sensory fibers

Anatomy (6 decks)

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