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Anatomy and physiology book > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Nose functions?

A

Nose functions?

.Smells

.Moisten and warm air

.Filter dust and foreign matter from the air using the mucous membranes and its hairs.

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2
Q

Trachea?

A

Trachea?

.Is lined with ciliated mucous epithelium which contains mucus secreting goblet cells.

.The goblet cells secrete mucus which collects foreign matter and then the cilia pushes this back up to the pharynx where it is swallowed or spat out.

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3
Q

Bronchi? (Bronchus singular)

A

Bronchi? (Bronchus singular)

.Two tubes divided from the trachea into left and right bronchi attached to each lung and transports air in and out the lungs.

.They enter at the hilum.

.Rings of cartilage.

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4
Q

Hilum?

A

Hilum?

.Is where the bronchi subdivide into different branches called bronchioles.

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5
Q

Bronchioles function?

A

Bronchioles function?

.Take air to the alveoli.

.Without rings of cartilage.

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6
Q

Lungs function?

A

Lungs function?

.Allows the exchange of gases into and out of the blood.

.Contains the bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli within the sacs.

.Consists of lobes - apical, cardiac and diaphragmic lobes and one extra on the right lung (accessory lobe).

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7
Q

Pleural cavity?

A

Pleura cavity?

.Space enclosed by the pleura, which is a thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity.

.Pleura - Is the serous membrane lining each lung.

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8
Q

Visceral pleura?

A

Visceral pleura?

.Is the inner layer of the pleura that sticks to the lung tissue and covers the lungs.

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9
Q

Parietal pleura?

A

Parietal pleura?

.The outer layer of the pleura that sticks to the chest wall and top of the diaphragm.

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10
Q

Pleura cavity?

A

Pleura cavity?

.The inside of the pleura inbetween the visceral and parietal pleura.

.Lined by a single layer of serous membrane (pleural membrane) and is filled with serous fluid.

.Prevents friction between the two layers during respiration.

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11
Q

Alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs? (Alveolus singular)

A

Alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs? (Alveolus singular)

.Alveolar ducts - inbetween the bronchioles and the alveolar sacs.

.Alveolar sacs- tiny sacs full of alveoli that start at the end of the alveolar ducts and is lined with the pulmonary membrane that exchanges gases with the circulatory system.

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12
Q

Breathing?

A

Breathing?

.The entrance and exit of air in and out of the body.

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13
Q

Gaseous exchange?

A

Gaseous exchange?

.The entrance and exit of oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the cells.

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14
Q

External respiration?

A

External respiration?

.Breathing in and out of air

.Diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood to the alveoli.

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15
Q

Diffusion?

A

Diffusion?

.Occurs when a strong concentration of a gas comes into contact with a weak concentration of the same gas.

The dissolved gas molecules will move from the high to the weak concentration until the concentrations is equal on both sides.

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16
Q

Internal respiration?

A

Internal respiration?

.The diffusion of oxygen from the blood to the body cells, and carbon dioxide from the body cells to the blood.

17
Q

Intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal muscles?

.Inbetween the ribs.

.Aid the diaphragm in respiration.

.During inspiration the external intercostal muscles contract at the same time as the diaphragm, lifting the rib cage up and outwards.

.Raises the ribs during inhalation to increase size of lungs (contracts).

.Lowers ribs during exhalation to reduce size of lungs (relaxes).

18
Q

The diaphragm?

A

The diaphragm?

.Contracts and relaxes to let air in and out the lungs with the help of the intercostal muscles.

.Is a large muscle that separates the thoracic and abdoninal cavities from each other.

.Flattens during inhalation

.Moves up during exhalation

.Helps urinate, defaecate and give birth.

19
Q

Inspiration?

A

Inspiration?

.Air is sucked in the lungs because the pressure is lower inside the body than outside.

20
Q

Expiration?

A

Expiration?

.Air rushes out of the lungs because the pressure is lower outside than inside the body.

21
Q

The body knows when to breath by?

A

The body knows when to breath by?

.When the level of co2 is too high and the level of oxygen too low a nerve impulse is sent to the diaphragm telling it to contract, thus causing inhalation.

22
Q

Brains role in breathing?

A

Brains role in breathing?

.The respiratory centre in the Medulla oblongata and the pons Varolii controls the irregularity of breathing.

23
Q

Air breathed in and out can?

A

Air breathed in and out can?

.Can both contain oxygen and carbon dioxide.

24
Q

Cranial thoracic inlet?

A

Cranial thoracic inlet?

.The entrance into the thoracic cavity.

25
Q

Caudal border?

A

Caudal border?

.The exit to the thoracic cavity.

26
Q

Mediastinum?

A

Mediastinum?

.The double layer of pleura that devides the left and right lungs.

.The heart lies within it.

27
Q

Pluritis?

A

Pluritis?

.Inflammation of the pleura and causes fluid build up in it.

28
Q

Oxygen is for?

A

Oxygen is for?

.Needed by the cells to obtain energy from food. e.g. glucose.

.This process involves oxidation of glucose to get energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

.Water and carbon dioxide are produced as byproducts of this reaction.

29
Q

Upper respiratory tract?

A

Upper respiratory tract?

.Nares

.Nasopharynx

.Pharynx

.Epiglottis

.Glottis/ Larynx

.Trachea

30
Q

Lower respiratory tract?

A

Lower respiratory tract?

.Bronchi

.Bronchioles

.Alveolar ducts

.Alveolar sacs

.Alveoli - gaseous exchange takes place

31
Q

Soft palate?

A

Soft palate?

.Extends caudally from the hard palate.

.It prevents food from entering the nasal chambers when an animal swallows.

32
Q

Endotracheal tube?

A

Endotracheal tube?

.The tube that goes into the trachea and is attached to a anaesthetic machine to supply anaesthetic and oxygen and remove carbon dioxide during a medical procedure.

.Pulling the tongue forward will pull the larynx forward and the epiglottis will fall downwards.

33
Q

Pneumothorax?

A

Pneumothorax?

.Air in the pleura cavity.

34
Q

Tidal volume?

A

Tidal volume?

.The amount of air that passes into and out of the lungs during each respiration.

35
Q

Where is the thoracic inlet?

A

Where is the thoracic inlet?

.In the thoracic vertebra, ribs and manubrium.

.The inlet is like a circle at the top of the rib cage.

36
Q

A serous membrane?

A

A serous membrane?

.Is a single layer of epithelium which makes a watery lubricating fluid because of this it acts as a lubricant between cavities, organs and structures.

37
Q

Oxygen?

A

Oxygen?

Releases energy from cells and remove carbon dioxide, produced from cellular activities, from the bloodstream and pass it out of the body.

38
Q

Respiratory rate affected by?

A

Respiratory rate affected by?

.Disease 
.Humidity - percentage of water vapour in the air
.Nutrient deficiency 
.Exercise 
.Stress 
.Parasites 
.Environment 
.Drugs
.Temperature

Anatomy and physiology book (14 decks)

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