Respiratory System

Question 1

The primary function is to ____so oxygen can be carried to the tissues in the body

Answer 1

oxygenate blood

Question 2

The secondary function of the respiratory function is ____

Answer 2

temperature regulation and phonation

Question 3

The respiratory system carries ____ to body tissues (metabolism) and carries _____ from tissues (waste)

Answer 3

O2

CO2

Question 4

What is phonation

Answer 4

“talking”

Question 5

Why is it important to understand the physiology of respiration?

Answer 5

To properly condition/evaluate the physical condition of the horse

Question 6

Why is it important to know the anatomy of the respiratory system?

Answer 6

To correctly pass a stomach tube down esophagus and not the trachea to the lungs

Question 7

The respiratory system is a series of ____ that connect lungs with ____

Answer 7

air passages

external air

Question 8

The air passages include:

Answer 8

1. upper airways
2. tracheobronchial airways
3. lungs

Question 9

What is the pharynx?

Answer 9

cavity located at the back of the nasal passages and the mouth; it acts as a “switchboard”

Question 10

_____ - cavity located at the back of the nasal passages and the mouth; acts as a “switchboard”

Answer 10

Pharynx

Question 11

What is the trachea?

Answer 11

leads to the lungs

Question 12

_____ - leads to the lungs

Answer 12

trachea

Question 13

What is the esophagus?

Answer 13

leads to the stomach

Question 14

_____ - leads to the stomach

Answer 14

esophagus

Question 15

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 15

cartilage trap that serves to prevent food from entering the larynx when swallowing occurs

Question 16

_____ - cartilage trap that serves to prevent food from entering the larynx when swallowing occurs

Answer 16

Epiglottis

Question 17

What is the larynx?

Answer 17

serves to regulate the flow of air into the trachea and to prevent the inspiration of foreign objects

Question 18

_____ - serves to regulate the flow of air into the trachea and to prevent the inspiration of foreign objects

Answer 18

larynx

Question 19

What are the vocal cords?

Answer 19

two muscles that project across the lower part of the larynx

Question 20

_____ - two muscles that project across the lower part of the larynx

Answer 20

vocal cords

Question 21

Paralysis of one or both of these result in roaring when the horse inhales

Answer 21

vocal cords

Question 22

What is the trachea?

Answer 22

A non collapsible tube about 2 inches in diameter and made up of rings of cartilage

Question 23

The trachea is lined with ___ kinds of cells, which are:

Answer 23

Two;

1. mucus secreting cells (lubricate it)
2. ciliated cells (lined with tiny hairs that continually beat upward and push impurities up and out of trachea)

Question 24

The trachea divides into __1__ which subdivide into __2__ which further subdivide into __3__ further branching occurs resulting in __4__ or __5__

Answer 24

1. left/right bronchi
2. pulmonary bronchi
3. inter pulmonary bronchi
4. alveoli
5. air sacs

Question 25

Paired lungs are ____ organs

Answer 25

lobed

Question 26

There are ____ lobes for the right lung and ____ lobes for the left lung

Answer 26

three | two

Question 27

Alveoli are ____

Answer 27

thin walled sacs for gas exchange

Question 28

Alveoli is a dense network of _____

Answer 28

capillaries

Question 29

Where is the site of final air exchange?

Answer 29

Alveoli

Question 30

How many "systems" make up the respiratory system?

Answer 30

2: upper and lower

Question 31

What is the upper respiratory system comprised of and what does it do?

Answer 31

Includes: nostrils, nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, and trachea to thorax Function: regulates temperature and humidity of air, phonation, protection of foreign bodies

Question 32

What is the lower respiratory system comprised of?

Answer 32

(Within the thorax) lungs left/right bronchioles alveoli-surrounded by blood capillaries

Question 33

What is the stomach tube procedure?

Answer 33

insert in nostril slight curvature pharynx- rotate up and bump to encourage swallowing

Question 34

How can you determine if the tube is in the esophagus and not in the trachea?

Answer 34

Seeing the tube move, feeling the end of the tube | Blowing into the tube and getting back stomach gases or gurgling noises

Question 35

What is respiration?

Answer 35

movement of air into and out of lungs

Question 36

What is inspiration?

Answer 36

achieved by the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 37

_____- achieved by the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Answer 37

Inspiration

Question 38

Inspiration is achieved by the contraction of _____ and ____

Answer 38

the diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 39

What is expiration?

Answer 39

The passive process while the horse is at rest

Question 40

_____ - the passive process while the horse is at rest

Answer 40

expiration

Question 41

What is the normal respiration rate?

Answer 41

8-24 breaths per minute

Question 42

What are influencing factors of respiration

Answer 42

``` Temperature Humidity Exercise Fever Stress/Anxiety ```

Question 43

Many influencing factors may cause respiratory fatigue, this is ____

Answer 43

exhausted horse syndrome

Question 44

Respiration rate is related to _____, as ____ increases, rate increases

Answer 44

Exercise intensity | Intensity

Question 45

Respiration rate is correlated with _____

Answer 45

stride frequency

Question 46

As a horse extends it's body it _____ and as it contracts its body it _____

Answer 46

inspires: expires

Question 47

Respiratory system undergoes _____ change to exercise training

Answer 47

little to no change

Question 48

RR is relatively lower and _____ rates faster following exercise training

Answer 48

return to normal

Question 49

Trained horses reach _____ uptake at faster speeds than untrained horses due to changes in _____

Answer 49

maximum 02; cardiovascular system

Question 50

What is tidal volume?

Answer 50

volume of air inspired or expired during a normal breath, approximately 6 liters

Question 51

_____ - volume of air inspired or expired during a normal breath, approximately 6 liters

Answer 51

tidal volume

Question 52

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 52

amount of air that can be inhaled above the tidal volume, approximately 12 liters