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Equine Science 2 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

The primary function is to ____so oxygen can be carried to the tissues in the body

A

oxygenate blood

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2
Q

The secondary function of the respiratory function is ____

A

temperature regulation and phonation

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3
Q

The respiratory system carries ____ to body tissues (metabolism) and carries _____ from tissues (waste)

A

O2

CO2

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4
Q

What is phonation

A

“talking”

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5
Q

Why is it important to understand the physiology of respiration?

A

To properly condition/evaluate the physical condition of the horse

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6
Q

Why is it important to know the anatomy of the respiratory system?

A

To correctly pass a stomach tube down esophagus and not the trachea to the lungs

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7
Q

The respiratory system is a series of ____ that connect lungs with ____

A

air passages

external air

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8
Q

The air passages include:

A
  1. upper airways
  2. tracheobronchial airways
  3. lungs
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9
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

cavity located at the back of the nasal passages and the mouth; it acts as a “switchboard”

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10
Q

_____ - cavity located at the back of the nasal passages and the mouth; acts as a “switchboard”

A

Pharynx

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11
Q

What is the trachea?

A

leads to the lungs

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12
Q

_____ - leads to the lungs

A

trachea

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13
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

leads to the stomach

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14
Q

_____ - leads to the stomach

A

esophagus

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15
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

cartilage trap that serves to prevent food from entering the larynx when swallowing occurs

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16
Q

_____ - cartilage trap that serves to prevent food from entering the larynx when swallowing occurs

A

Epiglottis

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17
Q

What is the larynx?

A

serves to regulate the flow of air into the trachea and to prevent the inspiration of foreign objects

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18
Q

_____ - serves to regulate the flow of air into the trachea and to prevent the inspiration of foreign objects

A

larynx

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19
Q

What are the vocal cords?

A

two muscles that project across the lower part of the larynx

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20
Q

_____ - two muscles that project across the lower part of the larynx

A

vocal cords

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21
Q

Paralysis of one or both of these result in roaring when the horse inhales

A

vocal cords

22
Q

What is the trachea?

A

A non collapsible tube about 2 inches in diameter and made up of rings of cartilage

23
Q

The trachea is lined with ___ kinds of cells, which are:

A

Two;

  1. mucus secreting cells (lubricate it)
  2. ciliated cells (lined with tiny hairs that continually beat upward and push impurities up and out of trachea)
24
Q

The trachea divides into __1__ which subdivide into __2__ which further subdivide into __3__ further branching occurs resulting in __4__ or __5__

A
  1. left/right bronchi
  2. pulmonary bronchi
  3. inter pulmonary bronchi
  4. alveoli
  5. air sacs
25
Q

Paired lungs are ____ organs

A

lobed

26
Q

There are ____ lobes for the right lung and ____ lobes for the left lung

A

three

two

27
Q

Alveoli are ____

A

thin walled sacs for gas exchange

28
Q

Alveoli is a dense network of _____

A

capillaries

29
Q

Where is the site of final air exchange?

A

Alveoli

30
Q

How many “systems” make up the respiratory system?

A

2: upper and lower

31
Q

What is the upper respiratory system comprised of and what does it do?

A

Includes: nostrils, nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, and trachea to thorax
Function: regulates temperature and humidity of air, phonation, protection of foreign bodies

32
Q

What is the lower respiratory system comprised of?

A

(Within the thorax)
lungs
left/right bronchioles
alveoli-surrounded by blood capillaries

33
Q

What is the stomach tube procedure?

A

insert in nostril
slight curvature
pharynx- rotate up and bump to encourage swallowing

34
Q

How can you determine if the tube is in the esophagus and not in the trachea?

A

Seeing the tube move, feeling the end of the tube

Blowing into the tube and getting back stomach gases or gurgling noises

35
Q

What is respiration?

A

movement of air into and out of lungs

36
Q

What is inspiration?

A

achieved by the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles

37
Q

_____- achieved by the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles

A

Inspiration

38
Q

Inspiration is achieved by the contraction of _____ and ____

A

the diaphragm and intercostal muscles

39
Q

What is expiration?

A

The passive process while the horse is at rest

40
Q

_____ - the passive process while the horse is at rest

A

expiration

41
Q

What is the normal respiration rate?

A

8-24 breaths per minute

42
Q

What are influencing factors of respiration

A 
Temperature
Humidity 
Exercise
Fever
Stress/Anxiety
43
Q

Many influencing factors may cause respiratory fatigue, this is ____

A

exhausted horse syndrome

44
Q

Respiration rate is related to _____, as ____ increases, rate increases

A

Exercise intensity

Intensity

45
Q

Respiration rate is correlated with _____

A

stride frequency

46
Q

As a horse extends it’s body it _____ and as it contracts its body it _____

A

inspires: expires

47
Q

Respiratory system undergoes _____ change to exercise training

A

little to no change

48
Q

RR is relatively lower and _____ rates faster following exercise training

A

return to normal

49
Q

Trained horses reach _____ uptake at faster speeds than untrained horses due to changes in _____

A

maximum 02; cardiovascular system

50
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

volume of air inspired or expired during a normal breath, approximately 6 liters

51
Q

_____ - volume of air inspired or expired during a normal breath, approximately 6 liters

A

tidal volume

52
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

amount of air that can be inhaled above the tidal volume, approximately 12 liters

Equine Science 2 (13 decks)

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