Muscle Lab/Worksheet Questions

Question 1

What type of muscle is in most of the body?

Answer 1

Skeletal muscle

Question 2

What muscle is only in one location?

Answer 2

Cardiac

Question 3

Why is smooth muscle special?

Answer 3

It is involuntary, it works by itself (organs)

Question 4

Identify the five types of tissues

Answer 4

Nerve
Epithelial
Muscle 
Connective
Fluid

Question 5

Briefly describe the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 fibers

Answer 5

Type 1 - slow twitch for endurance

Type 2 - fast twitch for speed

Question 6

Contraction of the muscle is the ______ of muscle fibers.

Answer 6

shortening

Question 7

The largest, most important muscle of the thoracic limb is the ________.

Answer 7

Serratus ventralis

Question 8

Inflammation of the synovial sheath and its tendon is called ____. This is often associated with rigorous schooling of young horses. The swelling is painless and will not go away, but is not hot either. A common name for this is _____.

Answer 8

tenosynovitis; wind puff

Question 9

List and describe the three types of muscle tissue

Answer 9

1. skeletal - makes up most of the muscle in the body, responsible for voluntary movements, looks striated under a microscope
2. smooth - found in body with the automatic functions such as in organs, coordinated by the automatic nervous system
3. cardiac - contracts intrinsically and not under voluntary control, restricted to just the heart, responsible for movement of blood

Question 10

Muscles attach to _____ and ligaments attach to _____. The only muscle to attach directly to bone is on the _____.

Answer 10

Tendons; bone; scapula

Question 11

Most muscles attach to two bones. The less mobile attachment is the _____ and the more mobile attachment is the _____.

Answer 11

origin; insertion

Question 12

The _____ is the largest, most important muscle in the shoulder that provides support between the trunk and limbs

Answer 12

serratus ventralis

Question 13

The hip is a _____ type of joint. It can move in nearly all directions.

Answer 13

ball and socket

Question 14

Describe how a bowed tendon can occur.

Answer 14

A bowed tendon is caused by severe strain and wear/tear with age. they can also be caused by small tendons attached to light round bone. The surface of the back of the leg just above the fetlock would appear thicker or enlarged and generally cause unsoundness.

Question 15

What is the stay apparatus responsible for in the horse? Describe how it works.

Answer 15

The stay apparatus is tendons and ligaments that stabilize all the joints in the forelimb and the lower joints of the hind limb so little muscular activity is needed to hols tension on those ligaments. It prevents joints flexing and the leg collapsing and allows the horse to balance on its legs

Question 16

Where does the deep digital flexor originate from?

Answer 16

Humerus, radius and ulna

Question 17

Describe the difference between a bursa and a navicular bursa.

Answer 17

A bursa is a synovial sac between two structures that tend to rub against each other
A navicular bursa is a synovial sac between the deep digital flexor tendon and the navicular bone

Question 18

_____ is the largest tissue mass in the body. This allows for _____ (shortening) and ______ (lengthening) in the body.

Answer 18

Muscle; contraction; relaxation