Exam 1

Question 1

Name three types of muscle tissue.

Answer 1

1. Skeletal
2. Smooth
3. Cardiac

Question 2

There are two types of muscle fibers. Please name and describe each and provide an example of what type of horse they might be used in.

Answer 2

1. Type 1 - slow twitch for endurance - endurance trail

2. Type 2 - fast twitch for speed - barrel horse

Question 3

What is the anatomical difference between a navicular bursa and a bursa?

Answer 3

A bursa is a synovial sac between two parts that tend to rub together
A navicular bursa is a synovial sac between a tendon and the navicular bone

Question 4

What are some things you can do to prevent a horse from tying up? Please give 2-3 examples.

Answer 4

1. Don’t push your horse too hard
2. Maximize turnout
3. Offer a high fiber/low starch diet
4. Offer water and electrolytes
5. Give your horse “sick days”

Question 5

Exertional rhabdomyolysis is the specific term that refers to the large muscles during or after exercise not having enough electrolytes to function successfully. The common name for this is ______.

Answer 5

tying up

Question 6

Tendons connect _____ to _____ and ______ connect bone to bone

Answer 6

muscle; bone; ligaments

Question 7

Please list two gametes.

Answer 7

Sperm and Egg

Question 8

The hip is a ____ and _____ type joint

Answer 8

ball; socket

Question 9

______ help build the immune system and keep the body healthy

Answer 9

White blood cells

Question 10

This type of muscle makes up most of the muscle in the body.

Answer 10

Skeletal

Question 11

Muscle fibers are primarily composed of contractile proteins called?

Answer 11

Myofilaments

Question 12

An excessive amount of synovial fluid may produce a ____

Answer 12

Wind puff

Question 13

White blood cells provide what important function to the body?

Answer 13

Helps the immune system

Question 14

______ cells absorb food molecules from the gut into the blood stream

Answer 14

Epithelial

Question 15

What is the first organ system to develop in the embryo

Answer 15

Nervous

Question 16

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for

Answer 16

Fight or flight

Question 17

What is the fat filled space that is next to the vertebral column called

Answer 17

Epidural

Question 18

Sensory nerves gather information and relay it to the CNS via the _____

Answer 18

PNS

Question 19

What is an anatomic region of the brain called

Answer 19

lobe

Question 20

True or False? The scapula is the only bone to have muscles that have a fleshy attatchment

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or False? RBC help the immune system

Answer 21

False; WBC help the immune system

Question 22

True or False? The trapezius muscle holds the scapula next the the body

Answer 22

True

Question 23

True or False? The most important commodity for equine muscles to function properly is oxygen

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or False? The deep digital flexor tendon lies closest to the metacarpal bones

Answer 24

True

Question 25

True or False? The more mobile attachment is called the origin

Answer 25

False; the more mobile attachment is called the insertion

Question 26

True or False? The extensor carpi radialis is the most prominent muscle on the front of the forearm

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or False? Most of the time a muscle brings the insertion and origin closer together

Answer 27

True

Question 28

True or False? ATP is not required for a chemical reaction

Answer 28

True

Question 29

True or False? Azoturia is the same thing as tying up

Answer 29

True

Question 30

``` Match: 1. Rostral 2. Median Plane 3. Superficial 4. Adduction To: a. Divides the body into equal left and right halves b. Proximity to the surface of the body c. Nostril d. Movement of an extremity toward the median plane ```

Answer 30

1. Rostral; c. Nostril 2. Median Plane; a. Divides the body into equal left and right halves 3. Superficial; b. Proximity to the surface of the body 4. Adduction; d. Movement of an extremity toward the median plane