Exam 2

Question 1

What coordinates the rhythmic contractions in the heart?

Answer 1

Sinoatrial node

Question 2

What is the average amount of dead space in a horse’s lungs during rest?

Answer 2

60-70%

Question 3

If breathing is exceeding the metabolic needs and the CO2 in the blood decreases this is known as:

Answer 3

hyperventilation

Question 4

What are two major components of blood?

Answer 4

Lipids and plasma

Question 5

The most common tumor in horses is known as a _____

Answer 5

sarcoid

Question 6

Endurance horses may lose up to _____ liters per hour of water during a race

Answer 6

10-15

Question 7

One complete cycle of cardiac relaxation and contraction is:

Answer 7

cardiac cycle

Question 8

This type of respiratory drug will help relax smooth muscle cells and increase the diameter of the airway

Answer 8

Bronchodilators

Question 9

When a horse has a non-life threatening nose bleed very seldom, this is known as?

Answer 9

Epistaxis

Question 10

A horse that has something generically wrong with their skin is known to have a type of _____

Answer 10

dermatitis

Question 11

What medical condition can benefit from soaking a horses hay before feeding?

Answer 11

Insulin resistance, COPD, Heaves, HYPP, Obesity

Question 12

What is the surgery called when a horses has roarers? This can assist the horse to return to normal athletic standards.

Answer 12

Tieback surgery

Question 13

True or False? Blood distribution changes during exercise to meet increased demand of exercising muscles

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or False? Perfusion is how the gas is removed from the lungs by the blood

Answer 14

True

Question 15

True or False? The esophagus divides into two bronchi

Answer 15

False; the trachea divides into two bronchi

Question 16

True or False? The 1st layer of skin is known as the dermis

Answer 16

False

Question 17

True or False? Cardiac disease is the third most common cause of poor performance according to the cardio article

Answer 17

True

Question 18

True or False? Dust and mold are everywhere so it is imperative to pay close attention to respiratory health

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or False? Sweat glands produce sebum on the horses hair follicles

Answer 19

False

Question 20

True or False? Pneumonia can cause irreversible damage to the lungs

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or False? Riding instructors are more prone to chronic bronchitis from teaching in an indoor arena that those who do not

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What is included in the upper and lower respiratory tract?

Answer 22

Upper: nasal passages, trachea, nose, anything in the respiratory system above the thorax
Lower: within the thorax, lungs bronchi, alveoli etc.

Question 23

Explain the difference between diastole and systole

Answer 23

Systole is contraction of the heart muscle and makes a “lub” sound while diastole is relaxation of the heart muscle and makes a “dub” sound

Question 24

What would Mary Kay be proud of?

Answer 24

body clipping, blanketing, hoof polishes, what is not completely necessary but useful

Question 25

The cardiac cycle has two distinct sounds. Please name each sound and label if it is the first or second sound. Also label what sound is during relaxation and contraction of the cardiac cycle

Answer 25

Lub: first sound, contraction (systole) Dub: second sound, relaxation (diastole)

Question 26

The primary function of the respiratory system is to ______ the blood

Answer 26

oxygenate

Question 27

An _____ is a graph of the average electric potential generated during the cardiac cycle

Answer 27

electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)

Question 28

______ are present everywhere on the body except the legs.

Answer 28

Sweat glands

Question 29

A ______ reaction is basically a sunburn. They are more common in light pigmented horses and the skin may peel or appear flaky

Answer 29

photosensitivity

Question 30

The ____ regulates the flow of air into the trachea and prevents inspiration of foreign objects

Answer 30

larynx

Question 31

______ is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath

Answer 31

tidal volume

Question 32

Hyperbaric _____ has a higher amount of atmospheric pressure and is used for healing purposes in humans and horses. The increase of oxygen is effective by providing more oxygen to needed tissues throughout the body carried via the bloodstream

Answer 32

oxygen therapy

Question 33

EIPH or ______ is caused from high blood pressure from heavy exercise and causes capillaries to rupture and release blood into throat and nostrils. Horses may have a nose bleed after a workout

Answer 33

Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage