Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My MCAT Biology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

At a cellular level the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs

A

By simple diffusion across the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ventilation

A

Simple movement of air into and out of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Respiration

A

Actual exchange of gases (between the lungs and blood or the blood and other tissues)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Conduction zone

A

Participate ONLY in ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Respiratory zone

A

Participate ONLY in gas exchange/respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tasks of the respiratory system (40

A

pH regulation
Thermoregulation
Respiration/ventilation
Protection from disease and particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation (too much breathing) causes pH of the blood to increase because CO2 converted into carbonic acid is expelled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Hypoventilation (too little breathing) causes acidification of the blood because the carbonic acid from CO2 is not expelled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thermoregulation by. the respiratory system

A

Breathing can result in heat loss via evaporative water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mucociliary escalator and alveolar macrophages

A

Protect us from harmful inhaled particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inhaled air follows this pathway:

A

nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Larynx 3 functions

A

Below pharynx
Cartilage portion keeps airway open
Epiglottis seals the trachea during swallowing to prevent entry of food into respiratory system
Vocal cords prod. sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Trachea

A

Remains open to permit air flow rings of cartilage prevent its collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Primary bronchi

A

Two trachea branches each going to one lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bronchioles

A

Very small bronchi made of smooth muscle allowing regulation of airflow into the system

Too thick of walls to allow respiration, only ventilation occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

Final branches of conduction zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Alveolus (alveoli plural)

A

Structures in which gas diffuses walls are only one cell thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Alveolar duct

A

Duct leading to the alveoli from the respiratory bronchiole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Respiratory bronchiole

A

Smooth muscle tube similar to the terminal bronchioles except it has alveoli on the walls allowing gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Entire respiratory track is lined with

A

Epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Epithelial cells in the respiratory track from the nose to the bronchioles are columnar meaning

A

Too thick to exchange in gas exchange, only provide a conduit for air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Goblet cells

A

Specialized columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mucociliary escalator

A

Upper respiratory track epithelial cells have cilia to sweep the mucus toward the pharynx where it is coughed out as mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Simple squamous epithelial cells

A

Single layer of cells that allows respiration

Principle lining of the alveoli walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Alveolar macrophages

A

Prevent the alveoli gas exchange centers from getting covered in layer of mucus by engulfing foreign particles

27
Q

Surfactant

A

Coats the alveoli to reduce surface tension and prevent collapse when exposed to water

28
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

Exchange of air into and out of the lungs to replace gases in the alveoli with those in the atmosphere

29
Q

Inspiration and expiration

A

Inspiration: drawing air into lungs (active process driven by diaphragm contraction)
Expiration: air out of lungs (passive, elastic recoil of the lungs)

30
Q

Each lung is surrounded by two membranes

A

parietal pleura and visceral pleura

31
Q

Pariteal pleura

A

Lines inside of the cheat cavity

32
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Lines surface of lungs

33
Q

Pleural space

A

Between the two pleura (membranes around the lungs)

34
Q

Pressure in the pleural space

A

Negative
2 membranes are drawn tightly together like a vacuum and fluid keeps the surface tension
Keeps the surface of lungs drawn up against chest wall

35
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

Between the ribs also contract during inspiration, pulling the ribs upward and further expanding the chest cavity

36
Q

Forced expiration

A

Active process

During exertion, contraction of the abdominal muscles helps the expiration process by pressing upward on the diaphragm, further shrinking the size of the lungs and forcing more air out

37
Q

During inspiration, the pressure of air in the alveoli and pleural space:

A
  1. Diaphragm contacts and flattens (moves down)
  2. Volume of chest cavity expands
  3. Pleural space decreases, more negative
  4. Lungs expand outward
  5. Pressure in the alveoli becomes negative
  6. Air enters lungs and alveoli
38
Q

Spirometry

A

Measurement of volume of air entering or exiting the lungs at various stages of ventilation

39
Q

Spirometer

A

Device used to measure spirometry (vol of air entering/exiting lungs)

40
Q

Tidal volume

A

Normal light breathing and is equal to 10 percent of the total lung capacity

41
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Volume of air that can be expired after a passive resting expiration

42
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Volume of air that can be inspired after a relaxed inspiration

43
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

Volume of air left in the lungs after resting expiration

44
Q

Inspiratory capacity

A

Max volume of air which can be inhaled after a resting inspiration

45
Q

Residual volume

A

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after strongest possible exhalation

46
Q

Vital capacity

A

Max amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath

47
Q

Total lung capacity

A

Vital capacity plus the residual volume

(Amount of air remaining in the lungs after strongest possible exhalation) + (Max amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath) = TLC

48
Q

Pulmonary/alveolar capillaries

A

Branching of the pulmonary veins supplying deoxygenated blood to the lungs leads to these

49
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

When pressure in left atrium is increased past a certain point, not only do the veins dilate but the pressure in the capillaries increases and fluid is drawn out of the capillaries and into the lungs

50
Q

Normal the lymphatic system prevents pulmonary edema by

A

Carrying interstitial fluid out of the lungs

51
Q

Primary structure of the lungs allowing it to expose large amounts of blood to large amounts of air

A

Large surface area

52
Q

Henry’s Law

A

Amount of gas that will dissolve into a liquid is dependent on the partial pressure and solubility in the liquid

[O2]= (Partial pressure) x (solubility)

Inc pressure, inc amount of gas dissolved in a liquid

53
Q

Gases become _____ solute in liquid when temperature increases

A

Less

54
Q

Driving force for evangelical of gases in the lungs

A

Difference in partial pressure between the alveolar air and the blood

55
Q

For diffusion of a gas into the bloodstream what must occur: (3)

A
  1. Pass alveolar epithelial
  2. Through interstitial liquid
  3. Across capillary endothelium
56
Q

Respiratory membrane includes (3)

A
  1. Pass alveolar epithelial
  2. Through interstitial liquid
  3. Across capillary endothelium
57
Q

Respiratory control center is located

A

In the medulla of the brainstem

58
Q

Chemical stimuli affecting RR

A

Decreased pH due to increased CO2 presence

59
Q

Peripheral chemoreceptors:

Located ___ and measure ___

A 
In aorta and carotid arteries
Measure P(CO2), P(O2), and pH
60
Q

Central Chemoreceptors:

Located ___ and measure ___

A

Medulla

Measure pH and P(CO2) of the CSF

61
Q

Mechanical stimuli affecting RR

A

Physical stretching of lungs (stimulates inhibitory signals involved in respiration) and irritants

62
Q

Bronchoconstriction

A

Contraction of the smooth muscle that prevents irritants from entering passageways

63
Q

Irritant receptors

A

Trigger coughing and/or bronchoconstriction when an irritating chemical is detected

My MCAT Biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions