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Medical Terminology > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

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2
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx (voice box)

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3
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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4
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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5
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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6
Q

tonsil/o

A

tonsils

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7
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (windpipe)

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8
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus (plural, alveoli)

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9
Q

bronchi/o

A

bronchus (plural, bronchi)

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10
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchus

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11
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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12
Q

pneum/o

A

air; lung

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13
Q

pneumon/o

A

air; lung

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14
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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15
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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16
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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17
Q

-algia

A

pain

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18
Q

-dynia

A

pain

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19
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation, expansion

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20
Q

-osmia

A

smell

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21
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

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22
Q

-oxia

A

oxygen

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23
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing, eating

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24
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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25
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary contraction, twitching

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26
Q

-thorax

A

chest

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27
Q

adenoidectomy

A

excision of the adenoids

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28
Q

laryngoscope

A

instrument for examining the larynx

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29
Q

-scope

A

instrument for examining

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30
Q

nasal

A

pertaining to the nose

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31
Q

-al

A

pertaining to, relating to

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32
Q

rhinorrhea

A

thin watery discharge from the nose

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33
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow

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34
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx, usually due to infection

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35
Q

peri-

A

around

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36
Q

peritonsillar

A

pertaining to the area surrounding the tonsils

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37
Q

Tracheostomy

A

surgical opening through the neck into the trachea to provide and secure an open airway

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38
Q

-stomy

A

forming an opening (mouth)

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39
Q

alveolar

A

pertaining to the alveoli

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40
Q

bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi, usually in lower portions of the lung

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41
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation, expansion

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42
Q

bronchoscope

A

curved, flexible tube with a light for visual examination of the bronchi

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43
Q

bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of the bronchioles

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44
Q

pneumonectomy

A

excision of all or part of a lung

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45
Q

pneumonia

A

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory rxtn

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46
Q

pulmonologist

A

physician who specializes in treating pathological conditions of the lungs

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47
Q

pleuritic

A

pertaining to a condition of pleurisy

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48
Q

thoracopathy

A

any disease involving the thorax or the organs it contains

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49
Q

pleuralgia

A

pain in the pleura

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50
Q

thoracodynia

A

pain in the chest

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51
Q

atelectasis

A

abnormal condition characterized by the collapse of the alveoli

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52
Q

atel

A

incomplete, imperfect

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53
Q

anosmia

A

loss of impairment of the sense of smell; usually a temporary condition

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54
Q

an-

A

without, not

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55
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by deficiency of oxygen in blood

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56
Q

hypoxia

A

inadequate oxygen at the cellular level characterized by tachycardia, hypertension, and dizziness

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57
Q

hyp-

A

under, below, deficient

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58
Q

aerophagia

A

swallowing of air

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59
Q

are/o

A

air

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60
Q

apnea

A

temporary cessation of breathing

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61
Q

pharyngospasm

A

spasm of the muscles in the pharynx

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62
Q

pyothorax

A

accumulation of pus in the thorax

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63
Q

py/o

A

pus

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64
Q

paranasal

A

around the nose

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65
Q

para-

A

near, beside, beyond

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66
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

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67
Q

rhinotomy

A

incision of the nose

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68
Q

rhinorrhagia

A

nosebleed

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69
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nose

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70
Q

rhinologist

A

specializes in diseases of the nose

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71
Q

aerotherapy

A

treatment by air

72
Q

hydrotherapy

A

treatment by water

73
Q

aerohydrotherapy

A

treatment by air and water

74
Q

pharyngoplasty

A

surgical repair of the pharynx

75
Q

pharyngotomy

A

incision of the pharynx

76
Q

pharyngotome

A

instrument to incise the pharynx

77
Q

pharyngospasm

A

involuntary contraction or twitching of the pharynx

78
Q

pharyngocele

A

hernia or swelling of the pharynx

79
Q

pharyngostenosis

A

narrowing or stricture of the pharynx

80
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

81
Q

laryngoscope

A

instrument to view the larynx

82
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, stricture

83
Q

chondroplasty

A

surgical repair of the cartilage

84
Q

chondropathy

A

disease of the cartilage

85
Q

chondroma

A

tumor or tumor-like growth of cartilage

86
Q

tracheostomy

A

surgical procedure forming an opening into the trachea

87
Q

tracheomalacia

A

softening of the trachea

88
Q

tracheopathy

A

disease of the trachea

89
Q

tracheostenosis

A

narrowing or stricture of the trachea

90
Q

tracheoplasty

A

surgical repair of the trachea

91
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

92
Q

bronchospasm

A

involuntary contraction or twitching of the bronchus

93
Q

bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of the bronchi

94
Q

pneumonosis

A

abnormal condition of the lungs

95
Q

pneumonopathy

A

disease of the lung

96
Q

pneumonocentesis

A

surgical puncture of the lung

97
Q

lobitis

A

inflammation of the lobe

98
Q

lobotomy

A

incision of the lobe

99
Q

pleurodynia

A

pain in the pleura

100
Q

pleuralgia

A

pain in the pleura

101
Q

pleuritis

A

inflammation of the pleura

102
Q

pleurocele

A

hernia or swelling of the pleura

103
Q

a-

A

without, not

104
Q

brady-

A

slow

105
Q

dys-

A

bad, painful, difficult

106
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

107
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

108
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

109
Q

dyspnea

A

painful or difficulty breathing, labored breathing

110
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

111
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

112
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision of the chest

113
Q

thoracocentesis

A

a surgical puncture of the chest

114
Q

phrenoptosis

A

a prolapse or downward displacement of the diaphragm

115
Q

phrenospasm

A

involuntary contraction or twitching of the diaphragm

116
Q

my/o

A

muscle

117
Q

myorrhaphy

A

suture of muscle

118
Q

myopathy

A

any disease of the muscle

119
Q

myoma

A

tumor of the muscle

120
Q

aerophobia

A

fear of air

121
Q

hemophobia

A

fear of blood

122
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

123
Q

bronchial

A

pertaining to the bronchi

124
Q

acidosis

A

excessive acidity of the blood due to an accumulation of acids or excessive loss of bicarbonate

125
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

respiratory insufficiency marked by progressive hypoxia. This syndrome is due to severe inflammatory damage caused by abnormal permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)`

126
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of lung tissue, preventing the respiratory exchange of O2 and CO2

127
Q

coryza

A

acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; a cold

128
Q

crackle

A

adventitious lung sound heard on auscultation of the chest, produced by air passing over retained airway secretions or the sudden opening of collapsed airways

129
Q

croup

A

acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough and stridor

130
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

inherited disease of the exocrine glands with production of this mucous that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestive systems

131
Q

empyema

A

pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity

132
Q

epiglottitis

A

in the acute form, epiglottitis is a severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and surrounding area; occurs most in children btwn 2-12

133
Q

epistaxis

A

hemorrhage from the nose, nosebleed

134
Q

hypoxemia

A

deficiency of O2 in blood, usually a sign of respiratory impairment

135
Q

hypoxia

A

deficiency of O2 in the tissues, usually a sign of respiratory impairment

136
Q

influenza

A

acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain

137
Q

pertussis

A

acute infectious disease characterized by a whoop sounding cough. Immunization of infants as part of the DPT vaccine prevents contraction.

138
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal presence of fluid in the pleural cavity. fluid may contain blood, serum, or pus

139
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air in pleural cavity, causing complete or partial collapse of lung

140
Q

rhonchi

A

abnormal chest sounds resembling snoring produced in airways with accumulated fluids

141
Q

stridor

A

abnormal high-pitched musical sound made on inspiration caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx

142
Q

sudden infant death syndrome

A

SIDS, completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well or virtually well infant. Most common cause of death btwn second week and first year of life.

143
Q

wheezes

A

whistling or sighing sounds resulting from narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passageway that is noted by use of a stethoscope

144
Q

arterial blood gases

A

group of tests that measure the O2 and CO2 concentration in an arterial blood sample

145
Q

bronchoscopy

A

direct visual examination of the interior bronchi using a bronchoscope

146
Q

chest x-ray

A

radiograph of the chest taken from anteroposterior (AP), posteroanterior (PA) or lateral projections

147
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

include any of several tests to evaluate the condition of the respiratory system. Measures of expiratory flow and lung volumes and capacities are obtained

148
Q

spirometry

A

measures the breathing capacity of the lungs

149
Q

bronchodilators

A

drugs used to dilate the walls of the bronchi of the lungs to increase airflow

150
Q

corticosteroids

A

hormonal agents that reduce tissue edema and inflammation associated with chronic lung disease

151
Q

nebulized mist treatment (NMT)

A

use of a device for producing a fine spray (nebulizer) to deliver medication directly into the lungs

152
Q

postural drainage

A

use of body positioning to assist in the removal of secretions from specific lobes of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities

153
Q

anesthesia

A

1: loss of sensation especially to touch usually resulting from a lesion in the nervous system or from some other abnormality 2: loss of sensation and usually of consciousness without loss of vital functions artificially produced by the administration of one or more agents that block the passage of pain impulses along nerve pathways to the brain

154
Q

biopsy

A

the removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the living body

155
Q

carcinoma

A

a malignant tumor of epithelial origin

156
Q

diagnosis

A

the art or act of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms

157
Q

expire

A

to breathe out from or as if from the lungs

158
Q

hemorrhage

A

a copious discharge of blood from the blood vessels

159
Q

lymph node

A

any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph passing through the node—called also lymph gland

160
Q

meatus

A

a natural body passage

161
Q

metastatic

A

of, relating to, or caused by metastasis 2: tending to metastasize

162
Q

necropsy

A

to perform an autopsy especially on an animal

163
Q

needle biopsy

A

any of several methods (as fine needle aspiration or core biopsy) for obtaining a sample of cells or tissue by inserting a hollow needle through the skin and withdrawing the sample from the tissue or organ to be examined

164
Q

nodular

A

of, relating to, characterized by, or occurring in the form of nodules

165
Q

nodule

A

a small mass of rounded or irregular shape: as a: a small abnormal knobby bodily protuberance (as a tumorous growth or a calcification near an arthritic joint)

166
Q

papilla

A

a small projecting body part similar to a nipple in form: as a: a vascular process of connective tissue extending into and nourishing the root of a hair, feather, or developing tooth b: any of the vascular protuberances of the dermal layer of the skin extending into the epidermal layer and often containing tactile corpuscles

167
Q

polyp

A

a projecting mass of swollen and hypertrophied or tumorous membrane (as in the nasal cavity or the intestine)

168
Q

polypectomy

A

the surgical excision of a polyp

169
Q

snare

A

a surgical instrument consisting usually of a wire loop constricted by a mechanism in the handle and used for removing tissue masses (as tonsils or polyps)

170
Q

asthma

A

a chronic lung disorder that is marked by recurring episodes of airway obstruction (as from bronchospasm) manifested by labored breathing accompanied especially by wheezing and coughing and by a sense of constriction in the chest, and that is triggered by hyperreactivity to various stimuli (as allergens or rapid change in air temperature)

171
Q

excursion

A

1 a: a movement outward and back or from a mean position or axis b: the distance traversed 2: one complete movement of expansion and contraction of the lungs and their membranes (as in breathing)

172
Q

lobe

A

a curved or rounded projection or division: as a: a more or less rounded projection of a body organ or part b: a division of a body organ (as the brain, lungs, or liver) marked off by a fissure on the surface

173
Q

percussion

A

the act or technique of tapping the surface of a body part to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the resulting sound

174
Q

phlegm

A

viscid mucus secreted in abnormal quantity in the respiratory passages

175
Q

resonance

A

a quality imparted to voiced sounds by vibration in anatomical resonating chambers or cavities (as the mouth or the nasal cavity) 2: the sound elicited on percussion of the chest

176
Q

tactile fremitus

A

a sensation felt by a hand placed on a part of the body (as the chest) that vibrates during speech

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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