Respiratory system Flashcards
adenoid/o
adenoids
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
nas/o
nose
rhin/o
nose
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
tonsil/o
tonsils
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
alveol/o
alveolus (plural, alveoli)
bronchi/o
bronchus (plural, bronchi)
bronch/o
bronchus
bronchiol/o
bronchiole
pneum/o
air; lung
pneumon/o
air; lung
pulmon/o
lung
pleur/o
pleura
thorac/o
chest
-algia
pain
-dynia
pain
-ectasis
dilation, expansion
-osmia
smell
-osis
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
-oxia
oxygen
-phagia
swallowing, eating
-pnea
breathing
-spasm
involuntary contraction, twitching
-thorax
chest
adenoidectomy
excision of the adenoids
laryngoscope
instrument for examining the larynx
-scope
instrument for examining
nasal
pertaining to the nose
-al
pertaining to, relating to
rhinorrhea
thin watery discharge from the nose
-rrhea
discharge, flow
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx, usually due to infection
peri-
around
peritonsillar
pertaining to the area surrounding the tonsils
Tracheostomy
surgical opening through the neck into the trachea to provide and secure an open airway
-stomy
forming an opening (mouth)
alveolar
pertaining to the alveoli
bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi, usually in lower portions of the lung
-ectasis
dilation, expansion
bronchoscope
curved, flexible tube with a light for visual examination of the bronchi
bronchiolitis
inflammation of the bronchioles
pneumonectomy
excision of all or part of a lung
pneumonia
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory rxtn
pulmonologist
physician who specializes in treating pathological conditions of the lungs
pleuritic
pertaining to a condition of pleurisy
thoracopathy
any disease involving the thorax or the organs it contains
pleuralgia
pain in the pleura
thoracodynia
pain in the chest
atelectasis
abnormal condition characterized by the collapse of the alveoli
atel
incomplete, imperfect
anosmia
loss of impairment of the sense of smell; usually a temporary condition
an-
without, not
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by deficiency of oxygen in blood
hypoxia
inadequate oxygen at the cellular level characterized by tachycardia, hypertension, and dizziness
hyp-
under, below, deficient
aerophagia
swallowing of air
are/o
air
apnea
temporary cessation of breathing
pharyngospasm
spasm of the muscles in the pharynx
pyothorax
accumulation of pus in the thorax
py/o
pus
paranasal
around the nose
para-
near, beside, beyond
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
rhinotomy
incision of the nose
rhinorrhagia
nosebleed
rhinitis
inflammation of the nose
rhinologist
specializes in diseases of the nose
aerotherapy
treatment by air
hydrotherapy
treatment by water
aerohydrotherapy
treatment by air and water
pharyngoplasty
surgical repair of the pharynx
pharyngotomy
incision of the pharynx
pharyngotome
instrument to incise the pharynx
pharyngospasm
involuntary contraction or twitching of the pharynx
pharyngocele
hernia or swelling of the pharynx
pharyngostenosis
narrowing or stricture of the pharynx
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
laryngoscope
instrument to view the larynx
-stenosis
narrowing, stricture
chondroplasty
surgical repair of the cartilage
chondropathy
disease of the cartilage
chondroma
tumor or tumor-like growth of cartilage
tracheostomy
surgical procedure forming an opening into the trachea
tracheomalacia
softening of the trachea
tracheopathy
disease of the trachea
tracheostenosis
narrowing or stricture of the trachea
tracheoplasty
surgical repair of the trachea
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
bronchospasm
involuntary contraction or twitching of the bronchus
bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of the bronchi
pneumonosis
abnormal condition of the lungs
pneumonopathy
disease of the lung
pneumonocentesis
surgical puncture of the lung
lobitis
inflammation of the lobe
lobotomy
incision of the lobe
pleurodynia
pain in the pleura
pleuralgia
pain in the pleura
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura
pleurocele
hernia or swelling of the pleura
a-
without, not
brady-
slow
dys-
bad, painful, difficult
eu-
good, normal
tachy-
rapid
-pnea
breathing
dyspnea
painful or difficulty breathing, labored breathing
eupnea
normal breathing
tachypnea
rapid breathing
thoracotomy
incision of the chest
thoracocentesis
a surgical puncture of the chest
phrenoptosis
a prolapse or downward displacement of the diaphragm
phrenospasm
involuntary contraction or twitching of the diaphragm
my/o
muscle
myorrhaphy
suture of muscle
myopathy
any disease of the muscle
myoma
tumor of the muscle
aerophobia
fear of air
hemophobia
fear of blood
muc/o
mucus
bronchial
pertaining to the bronchi
acidosis
excessive acidity of the blood due to an accumulation of acids or excessive loss of bicarbonate
acute respiratory distress syndrome
respiratory insufficiency marked by progressive hypoxia. This syndrome is due to severe inflammatory damage caused by abnormal permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)`
atelectasis
collapse of lung tissue, preventing the respiratory exchange of O2 and CO2
coryza
acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; a cold
crackle
adventitious lung sound heard on auscultation of the chest, produced by air passing over retained airway secretions or the sudden opening of collapsed airways
croup
acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough and stridor
cystic fibrosis
inherited disease of the exocrine glands with production of this mucous that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestive systems
empyema
pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity
epiglottitis
in the acute form, epiglottitis is a severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and surrounding area; occurs most in children btwn 2-12
epistaxis
hemorrhage from the nose, nosebleed
hypoxemia
deficiency of O2 in blood, usually a sign of respiratory impairment
hypoxia
deficiency of O2 in the tissues, usually a sign of respiratory impairment
influenza
acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain
pertussis
acute infectious disease characterized by a whoop sounding cough. Immunization of infants as part of the DPT vaccine prevents contraction.
pleural effusion
abnormal presence of fluid in the pleural cavity. fluid may contain blood, serum, or pus
pneumothorax
collection of air in pleural cavity, causing complete or partial collapse of lung
rhonchi
abnormal chest sounds resembling snoring produced in airways with accumulated fluids
stridor
abnormal high-pitched musical sound made on inspiration caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx
sudden infant death syndrome
SIDS, completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well or virtually well infant. Most common cause of death btwn second week and first year of life.
wheezes
whistling or sighing sounds resulting from narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passageway that is noted by use of a stethoscope
arterial blood gases
group of tests that measure the O2 and CO2 concentration in an arterial blood sample
bronchoscopy
direct visual examination of the interior bronchi using a bronchoscope
chest x-ray
radiograph of the chest taken from anteroposterior (AP), posteroanterior (PA) or lateral projections
pulmonary function tests
include any of several tests to evaluate the condition of the respiratory system. Measures of expiratory flow and lung volumes and capacities are obtained
spirometry
measures the breathing capacity of the lungs
bronchodilators
drugs used to dilate the walls of the bronchi of the lungs to increase airflow
corticosteroids
hormonal agents that reduce tissue edema and inflammation associated with chronic lung disease
nebulized mist treatment (NMT)
use of a device for producing a fine spray (nebulizer) to deliver medication directly into the lungs
postural drainage
use of body positioning to assist in the removal of secretions from specific lobes of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities
anesthesia
1: loss of sensation especially to touch usually resulting from a lesion in the nervous system or from some other abnormality 2: loss of sensation and usually of consciousness without loss of vital functions artificially produced by the administration of one or more agents that block the passage of pain impulses along nerve pathways to the brain
biopsy
the removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the living body
carcinoma
a malignant tumor of epithelial origin
diagnosis
the art or act of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms
expire
to breathe out from or as if from the lungs
hemorrhage
a copious discharge of blood from the blood vessels
lymph node
any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph passing through the node—called also lymph gland
meatus
a natural body passage
metastatic
of, relating to, or caused by metastasis 2: tending to metastasize
necropsy
to perform an autopsy especially on an animal
needle biopsy
any of several methods (as fine needle aspiration or core biopsy) for obtaining a sample of cells or tissue by inserting a hollow needle through the skin and withdrawing the sample from the tissue or organ to be examined
nodular
of, relating to, characterized by, or occurring in the form of nodules
nodule
a small mass of rounded or irregular shape: as a: a small abnormal knobby bodily protuberance (as a tumorous growth or a calcification near an arthritic joint)
papilla
a small projecting body part similar to a nipple in form: as a: a vascular process of connective tissue extending into and nourishing the root of a hair, feather, or developing tooth b: any of the vascular protuberances of the dermal layer of the skin extending into the epidermal layer and often containing tactile corpuscles
polyp
a projecting mass of swollen and hypertrophied or tumorous membrane (as in the nasal cavity or the intestine)
polypectomy
the surgical excision of a polyp
snare
a surgical instrument consisting usually of a wire loop constricted by a mechanism in the handle and used for removing tissue masses (as tonsils or polyps)
asthma
a chronic lung disorder that is marked by recurring episodes of airway obstruction (as from bronchospasm) manifested by labored breathing accompanied especially by wheezing and coughing and by a sense of constriction in the chest, and that is triggered by hyperreactivity to various stimuli (as allergens or rapid change in air temperature)
excursion
1 a: a movement outward and back or from a mean position or axis b: the distance traversed 2: one complete movement of expansion and contraction of the lungs and their membranes (as in breathing)
lobe
a curved or rounded projection or division: as a: a more or less rounded projection of a body organ or part b: a division of a body organ (as the brain, lungs, or liver) marked off by a fissure on the surface
percussion
the act or technique of tapping the surface of a body part to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the resulting sound
phlegm
viscid mucus secreted in abnormal quantity in the respiratory passages
resonance
a quality imparted to voiced sounds by vibration in anatomical resonating chambers or cavities (as the mouth or the nasal cavity) 2: the sound elicited on percussion of the chest
tactile fremitus
a sensation felt by a hand placed on a part of the body (as the chest) that vibrates during speech
