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Medical Terminology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

dent/o

A

teeth

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2
Q

odont/o

A

teeth

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3
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum(s)

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4
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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5
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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6
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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7
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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8
Q

ptyal/o

A

saliva

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9
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary gland

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10
Q

dentist

A

specialist who diagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of teeth and tissues of the oral cavity

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11
Q

orthodontist

A

dental specialist in the prevention and correction of abnormally positioned or misaligned teeth

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12
Q

orth

A

straight

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13
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

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14
Q

hypoglossal

A

under the tongue

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15
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

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16
Q

oral

A

pertaining to the mouth

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17
Q

stomatopathy

A

any disease of the mouth

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18
Q

ptyalism

A

excessive salivation

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19
Q

sialorrhea

A

excessive flow of saliva; hyper salivation, ptyalism

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20
Q

esophagosope

A

endoscope for examination of the esophagus

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21
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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22
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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23
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus (lower part of stomach)

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24
Q

-algia

A

pain

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25
Q

-dynia

A

pain

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26
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

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27
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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28
Q

-ics

A

pertaining to, relating to

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29
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

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30
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

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31
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing, eating

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32
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow

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33
Q

pharyngotonsillitis

A

inflammation of pharynx and tonsils

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34
Q

gastroscopy

A

visual inspection of the interior of the stomach by means of a flexible, fiberoptic gastroscope inserted through the esophagus

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35
Q

pylorotomy

A

incision of the pylorus (lower part of stomach) usually performed to remove an obstruction

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36
Q

gastralgia

A

pain in the stomach

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37
Q

gastrodynia

A

pain in the stomach

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38
Q

hyperemesis

A

excessive vomiting

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39
Q

gastromegaly

A

an abnormal enlargement of the stomach

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40
Q

periodontics

A

branch of dentistry dealing with treatment of diseases of the tissues around the teeth

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41
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite

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42
Q

dyspepsia

A

feeling of epigastric discomfort after eatingl indigestion

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43
Q

dysphagia

A

inability to swallow or difficulty in swallowing

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44
Q

diarrhea

A

abnormally frequent discharge or flow of watery stools from bowel

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45
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

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46
Q

gastrologist

A

specialist who treats stomach disorders

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47
Q

enterologist

A

specialist who treats intestinal disorders

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48
Q

gastroenterologist

A

specialist who treats stomach and intestinal disorders

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49
Q

gastrology

A

study of the stomach

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50
Q

BM

A

bowel movement

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51
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

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52
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis

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53
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

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54
Q

odontalgia

A

pain in the tooth

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55
Q

gingivosis

A

abnormal condition of the gums

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56
Q

gastric ulcers

A

peptic ulcers that occur in the stomach

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57
Q

duodenal ulcers

A

peptic ulcers that occur in small intestine

58
Q

hyperemesis

A

excessive vomiting

59
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

60
Q

epigastric

A

pertaining to on or above the stomach

61
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

62
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum (first part of small intestine)

63
Q

enter/o

A

intestine (usually small intestine)

64
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum (second part of small intestine)

65
Q

ile/o

A

ileum (third part of small intestine)

66
Q

append/o

A

appendix

67
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

68
Q

col/o

A

colon

69
Q

colon/o

A

colon

70
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile vessel

71
Q

chole/e

A

bile, gall

72
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

73
Q

choledoch/o

A

bile duct

74
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

75
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

76
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

77
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

78
Q

-prandial

A

meal

79
Q

cholangiole

A

small terminal portion of the bile duct

80
Q

-ole

A

small, minute

81
Q

cholelith

A

gallstone

82
Q

choledochotomy

A

incision into the common bile duct

83
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

84
Q

pancreatolysis

A

destruction of the pancreatic enzymes

85
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence or formation of gallstones

86
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

87
Q

postprandial

A

following a meal

88
Q

hepatoma

A

tumor of the liver

89
Q

hepatectomy

A

excision of portion of the liver

90
Q

hepatodynia

A

pain in the liver

91
Q

hepatalgia

A

pain in the liver

92
Q

hepatorraphy

A

suture of the liver

93
Q

hepatocyte

A

liver cell

94
Q

hepatic

A

pertaining to the liver

95
Q

cystic

A

pertaining to the bladder

96
Q

pancreatic

A

pertaining to the pancreas

97
Q

cholemesis

A

vomiting bile

98
Q

pancreatolith

A

stone or calculus in the pancreas

99
Q

cholecystolith

A

calculus or stone in the gallbladder

100
Q

hepatolith

A

stone or calculus in the liver

101
Q

cholelith

A

gallstone

102
Q

cholangitis

A

inflammation of the bile vessel

103
Q

cholangiography

A

radiographic procedure for outlining major bile vessel

104
Q

choledochitis

A

inflammation of the bile duct

105
Q

choledochorrhaphy

A

suture of the bile duct

106
Q

choledochoplasty

A

surgical repair of the bile duct

107
Q

choledocholith

A

stone in the bile duct

108
Q

choledochotomy

A

incision of the bile duct

109
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

110
Q

lithiasis

A

abnormal condition of stones

111
Q

pancreatolithiasis

A

abnormal condition of pancreatic stones

112
Q

cholecystodynia

A

pain in the gallbladder

113
Q

cholecystalgia

A

pain in the gallbladder

114
Q

cholecystolithiasis

A

abnormal condition of gallbladder stones

115
Q

cholecystectomy

A

excision of the gallbladder

116
Q

pancreatectomy

A

excision of the pancreas

117
Q

esophagoplasty

A

surgical repair of the esophagus

118
Q

choledoplasty

A

surgical repair of the bile duct

119
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

120
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen

121
Q

borborygmus

A

gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine, caused by gas moving through the intestines

122
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic liver disease characterized pathologically by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice

123
Q

colonic polyposis

A

polyps, which are small benign growths, that project from the mucous membrane of the colon

124
Q

Crohn disease (regional colitis)

A

chronic inflammatory bowel disease, usually affect the ileum, but may affect any portion of the intestinal tract. Has distinguishing inflammatory pattern (patchy or segmented)

125
Q

diverticular disease

A

condition in which bulging pouches (diverticula) in the GI tract push the mucosal lining through the surrounding muscle

126
Q

dysentery

A

many intestinal disorders, especially of the colon, characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps

127
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage from one organ to another, or from a hollow organ to the surface. An anal fistula is located near the anus and may open into the rectum

128
Q

hematochezia

A

passage of stools containing of bright red blood

129
Q

hemorrhoid/piles

A

mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside or outside the rectum

130
Q

hernia

A

protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

131
Q

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

ulceration of mucosa of the colon. Ulecrative colitis and Crohn disease are forms of inflammatory bowel disease

132
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

abnormal increase in the motility of the small and large intestines that generally is associated with emotional distress. No pathological lesions found in intestine.

133
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera of the eyes, caused by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)

134
Q

polyp

A

small, tumor-like benign growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface

135
Q

polyposis

A

general term for condition in which polyps develop in the intestinal tract

136
Q

ulcer

A

open sore or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane, accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

137
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction. Usually requires surgery to untwist the loop

138
Q

barium enema

A

radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate into the rectum

139
Q

barium swallow

A

radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after oral administration of barium sulfate

140
Q

stool guaiac

A

test performed on feces using the reagent gum guaiac to detect the presence of blood in the feces that is not apparent on visual inspection (Hemocult test)

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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