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Medical Terminology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cartilage

A

tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone

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2
Q

cilia

A

hairlike structure

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3
Q

diffuse

A

to move or spread out a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces

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4
Q

mucous membrane

A

moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to enviroment

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5
Q

oxygen

A

tasteless, orderless, colorless gas essential for human respiration

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6
Q

pH

A

symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

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7
Q

septum

A

wall dividing two cavities

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8
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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9
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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10
Q

sept/o

A

septum

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11
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus, cavity

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12
Q

epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

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13
Q

laryngoplegia

A

paralysis of the (vocal cords and larynx)

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14
Q

bronchiectasis

A

dilation of the bronchi

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15
Q

bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

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16
Q

pleurocentesis

A

surgical puncture of the pleural cavity

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17
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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18
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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19
Q

oximeter

A

instrument used for measuring O2

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20
Q

hypoxemia

A

deficiency of O2 in blood

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21
Q

stethoscope

A

instrument used for examining the chest

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22
Q

hypercapina

A

excessive CO2

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23
Q

anosmia

A

without the sense of smell

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24
Q

dysphonia

A

impaired voice

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25
Q

apena

A

not breathing

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26
Q

hemoptysis

A

spitting of blood

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27
Q

pyothorax

A

pus in the chest cavity

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28
Q

empyema

A

aka pyothorax; pus in the chest cavity

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29
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

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30
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

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31
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

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32
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

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33
Q

epistaxis

A

nasal hemorrhage; nosebleed

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34
Q

Mediastinum

A

The place between the right and left lungs; contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchi

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35
Q

Asthma

A

Produces spams in the bronchial passages that may be sudden and violent and lead to dyspnea; obstructive

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36
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

An inflammation of the bronchi caused mainly by smoking and air pollution; obstructive

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37
Q

Influenza

A

An acute infectious respiratory viral disease

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38
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Any abnormal fluid in the pleural cavity, the space between the visceral and parietal pleura

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39
Q

Hydrothorax

A

Serum pleural effusion

40
Q

Hemorthorax

A

Blood pleural effusion

41
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air pleural effusion

42
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Communicable disease caused by the bacterium “mycobacterium tuberculosis”

43
Q

Pneumonia

A

Any inflammatory disease of the lungs

44
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

A hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands that causes the body to secrete extremely thick mucus; obstructive

45
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

A condition in which the lungs no longer function effectively, the threatening the life of the patient; restrictive

46
Q

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

A

Form of respiratory distress syndrome

47
Q

Anosmia

A

Absence of the sense of smell

48
Q

Apnea

A

Temporary loss of breathing

49
Q

Asphyxia

A

Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen

50
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of a lung

51
Q

Cheyne-strokes respiration

A

Repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration: first deeply, then shallow, then not at all

52
Q

Coryza

A

Acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose; also called head cold or upper respiratory infection

53
Q

Crackle

A

Abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; aka rale

54
Q

Croup

A

Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and, sometimes, lungs

55
Q

Finger clubbing

A

Enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes commonly associated with pulmonary disease

56
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Oxygen deficiency in arterial blood; usually a sign of respiratory impairment

57
Q

Hypoxia

A

Oxygen deficiency in body tissue; usually a sign of respiratory impairment

58
Q

Pertussis

A

Acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a “whoop” sound; also called whooping cough

59
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust (anthracosis), stone dust, iron dust, and asbestos particles

60
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure

61
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by mass of u dissolved matter

62
Q

Rhonchus

A

Abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation of an obstructed airway

63
Q

Stridor

A

High-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway

64
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome

A

Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than age 12 months

65
Q

Wheeze

A

Whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing the lumen of the respiratory passageway

66
Q

Aerosol therapy

A

Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist from directly to the lungs on air passageways

67
Q

Oximetry

A

Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen

68
Q

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

Variety of tests used to evaluate respiratory function, the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane

69
Q

Spirometry

A

PFT that measures the breathing capacity of the lungs, including the times necessary for exhaling the total volume of the inhaled air

70
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway

71
Q

Pleurectomy

A

Excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura

72
Q

Pneumectomy

A

Excision of a lung or portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer

73
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity

74
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted

75
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor

76
Q

Arterial blood gas

A

Test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood

77
Q

ABG abrev.

A

Arterial blood gas

78
Q

COPD abrev.

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

79
Q

Hb, Hgb

A

Hemoglobin

80
Q

PFT abrev.

A

Pulmonary function test

81
Q

pH abrev.

A

Degree of acidity or alkalinity

82
Q

SOB abrev.

A

Shortness of breath

83
Q

URI abrev.

A

Upper respiratory infection

84
Q

Antibiotics

A

Destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria by disrupting their membranes or one or more of their metabolic processes

85
Q

Antibiotic medicine

A

Azythromycin; erythromycin

86
Q

Antihistamines

A

Block histamine so from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues

87
Q

Antihistamine medicine

A

Fexofenadine; loratadine

88
Q

Antitussives

A

Relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain

89
Q

Antitussives medicine

A

Hydrocodone; detromethorphan

90
Q

Bronchodilator

A

Stimulate bronchial muscles to relax, thereby expanding air passages, resulting in increased air flow

91
Q

Bronchodilator medicines

A

Albuterol; salmeterol

92
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Act on the immune system by blocking production of substance that triggers allergic and inflammatory actions

93
Q

Decongestants

A

Constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely thought the passageways

94
Q

Decongestant medicine

A

Oxymetazoline; pseudoephedrine

95
Q

Expectorants

A

Liquefy respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes

96
Q

Expectorant medicine

A

Guaifenesin

97
Q

Carbon Dioxide

A

Tasteless, Orderless, colorless gas produced by the body cells during metabolism

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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