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Medical Terminology > Integumentary System Ch.5 > Flashcards

Integumentary System Ch.5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Epidermis

A

The outer layer of the skin

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2
Q

What are the deepest layer of the Epidermis?

A

Stratum Corneum and Basal Layer

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3
Q

Dermatology

A

is the medical specialty concerned with diseases that directly affect the skin and systematic diseases that manifest their effects on the skin

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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

Is a state in which the regulatory mechanisms of the body maintain an internal environment within tolerable levels

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5
Q

Dermatomycosis

A

Is the infection of the skin caused by fungi

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6
Q

Ichthyosis

A

Abnormal condition of dry or scaly skin

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7
Q

Hidradenitis

A

The inflammation of the sweat glands

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8
Q

Scleroderma

A

The hardening of the skin

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9
Q

Abrev. CA

A

Cancer; Chronological age; Cardic arrest

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10
Q

Abrev. C&S

A

Culture and Sensitivity

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11
Q

Abrev. IV

A

Intravenous

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12
Q

Abrev. TNM

A

Tumor-Node_Metastasis

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13
Q

Abrev. BX

A

Biopsy

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14
Q

Antifungal Drugs

A

Nystatin, Itraconazole

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15
Q

Antihistamine drugs

A

Diphenhydramine, and loratadine

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16
Q

Antiprasitic drugs

A

Lindane and Permethrin

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17
Q

Antiseptic Drugs

A

Ethyl or isopropyl alcohol / hydrogen peroxide

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18
Q

Cortiocosteriods drugs

A

hydrocortisone or triamcinolone

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19
Q

Keratolytic drugs

A

Tretinoin

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20
Q

Protectives tretment

A

Lotions or ointments

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21
Q

Topical anesthetics drugs

A

lidocaine or proccaine

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22
Q

Topical Anesthetics

A

Block sensation of pain by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes

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23
Q

Protective

A

Cover, cool, dry, or soothe inflamed skin

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24
Q

Keratolytics

A

Destroys and soften the outer layer of the skin so that it is sloughed off or shed

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25
Q

Corticosteriods

A

Decrease inflammation and itching by suppressing the immune system’s inflammatory response to tissue damage

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26
Q

Antiseptics

A

Topically applied agents that inhibit growth of bacteria, thus preventing infections in cuts, scratches, and surgical incisions

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27
Q

Antiparasitics

A

Kills insect parasites, such as mites and lice

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28
Q

Antihistamines

A

Inhibit allergic reactions of inflammation, redness, and itching caused by the release of histamine

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29
Q

Antifungals

A

Alter the cell wall of fungi or disrupt enzyme activity, resulting in cell death

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30
Q

Fulguration

A

Tissue destruction by means of high-frequency electric current

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31
Q

photodynamic therapy (PDT)

A

Procedure in which cells selectively treated with an agent called a photo-sensitizer are exposed to light to produce a reaction that destroys the cells

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32
Q

biopsy

A

representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination

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33
Q

frozen section (FS)

A

ultrathin slice of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination

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34
Q

needle

A

removal of small tissue sample for examination using a hallow needle, usually attached to a syringe

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35
Q

punch

A

removal of a small core of tissue using a hallow punch

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36
Q

shave

A

removal of elevated lesions using a surgical blade

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37
Q

Mohs

A

Layers of cancer-containing skin are progressively removed and examined until only cancer-free tissue remains

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38
Q

Skin Graft

A

Transplantation of healthy tissue to an injured site

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39
Q

Allograft

A

transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person; also called hemograft

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40
Q

Autograft

A

Transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual

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41
Q

Synthetic

A

Transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arragnged in a lattice pattern

42
Q

Xenograft

A

Transplantation from a foreign donor (a pig) and transferred to a human; aka heterograft

43
Q

Allergy Skin Test

A

Any test in which a suspected allergen or sensitizer is applied to or injected into the skin to determine the patient’s sensitivity to it

44
Q

Intradermal

A

Skin test that identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amount of extracts of the suspected allergens and observing the skin for a subsequent reaction

45
Q

Patch

A

Skin test that identifies allergic contact dermatitis by applying a suspected allergen to a patch which is then taped on the skin, usually forearm, and observing the area 24 hours later for an allergic response

46
Q

Scratch

A

Skin test that identifies suspected allergens by placing a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin; also called puncture or prick test

47
Q

Culture and Sensitivity

A

Laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteria removed from an infected area(such as an ulcer, wound, or pus from an infection) in order to identify the specific infecting bacterium and then determine its sensitivity to antibiotic drugs

48
Q

Vitiligo

A

Localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches

49
Q

Chemical peel

A

Chemical removal of the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratoses; aka chemabrasion

50
Q

Cryosurgery

A

Use of subfreezing temperature (liquid nitrogen) to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue, such as tumors, warts, and unwanted, cancerous, or infected tissue

51
Q

Debridement

A

Removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents

52
Q

Dermabrasion

A

Rubbing using wire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away the epidermis

53
Q

Urticaria

A

Allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or hives

54
Q

Verruca

A

Epidermal growth caused by a virus; aka warts

55
Q

Petchia

A

Minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin

56
Q

pressure ulcer

A

inflammation, sore, or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow to the tissues, usually in elderly, bedridden persons

57
Q

pruritus

A

intense itching

58
Q

psoriasis

A

Chronic skin disease characterized by circumscribed red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales and caused by excessive development of the basal layer of the epidermis

59
Q

Purpura

A

Any of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes, producing ecchymoses or petechiae

60
Q

Scabies

A

Contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact

61
Q

Tinea

A

Fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected; aka ringworm

62
Q

abscess

A

Localized collection of pus at the site of an infection (characteristically a staphylococcal infection)

63
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greenish or yellow; aka bruise

64
Q

Eczema

A

Chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema, papules,vesicles, pustules, scale, crust, and scabs and accompanied by intense itching

65
Q

Erythema

A

Redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries

66
Q

Eschar

A

Dead matter that is sloughed off from the surface of the skin, especially after a burn

67
Q

impetigo

A

bacterial infection characterized by isolation pustules that become crusted and rupture

68
Q

keratosis

A

thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (such as callus or wart)

69
Q

lentigo

A

small brown macules, especially on the face and arms, brought on by sun exposure, usually in a middle-aged person or older person

70
Q

pallor

A

unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin

71
Q

pediculosis

A

infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear

72
Q

acne

A

inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin with characteristic lesions that include blackheads, inflammatory papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts and usually associated with seborrhea

73
Q

alopecia

A

partial or complete loss of hair from normal aging, an endocrine disorder, a drug reaction, anticancer medication, or skin disease; aka baldness

74
Q

bowen diseasse

A

form of intraepidermal carcinoma characterized by red-brown scaly or crusted lesions that resemble a patch of psoriasis or dermatitis

75
Q

cellulitis

A

diffuse(widespread), acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

76
Q

chloasma

A

Pigmentary skin discoloration usually occurring in yellowish brown patches or spots

77
Q

comedo

A

typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin

78
Q

dermatomycosis

A

infection of the skin caused by fungi

79
Q

Which burn injure the top layer and are least serious?

A

First degree burns

80
Q

Which burn is deep and damages both epidermis and part of the dermis?

A

Second degree burns

81
Q

Which burn destroys both epidermis and dermis

A

Third degree

82
Q

Benign neoplasms

A

Non cancerous growths composed of the same type of cells as the tissue in which they are growing

83
Q

Malignant neoplasms

A

Caner; composed of cells that tend to become invasive and spread to remote regions of the body

84
Q

Rule of nines

A

The formula for estimating the percentage of adult body surface affected by burns

85
Q

Oncology

A

Study of Cancer

86
Q

Tumor node-metastasis system

A

Most common system which classifies solid tumors by size and degree of spread according to three basic criteria (size and invasiveness, area of lymph nodes involved, and invasiveness of primary tumor

87
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

most common type of skin cancer, caused by over exposure to the sunlight

88
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

second common; arises from skin that undergoes pathological hardening of epidermis; two types (in situ, invasive)

89
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

The most rare and lethal; highly metastatic with a higher mortality rate than basal or squamous cell carcinomas; diagnosis is biopsy

90
Q

Steat/o

A

inflammation of fatty (adipose) tissue

91
Q

Sudoresis

A

profuse sweating; aka hyperhidrosis

92
Q

Anhidrosis

A

abnormal condition of not sweating

93
Q

Pruritus

A

Intense Itching

94
Q

XP; XDP

A

Xeroderma pigmentosum

95
Q

Tactile corposcle

A

responds to light touch

96
Q

Lamellated corpuscle

A

responds to deep pressure and vibration

97
Q

Androgens

A

Male sex hormone

98
Q

Seborrhea

A

Discharge of sebum

99
Q

What are the skin’s two distinctive layers?

A

Epidermis and Dermis

100
Q

Excessive or profuse sweating aka sudoresis hyperhidrosis

A

Diaphoresis

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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