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Medical Terminology > Digestive System Ch.6 > Flashcards

Digestive System Ch.6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

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2
Q

R/O

A

Rule out

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3
Q

stat

A

immediately

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4
Q

Antacids

A

Counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach

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5
Q

Antacid drugs

A

calcium carbonate

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6
Q

Antidiarrheals

A

Control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract

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7
Q

Antidiarrheal drugs

A

loperamide, kaolin/pectin

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8
Q

antiemetics

A

controls nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain

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9
Q

antispasmodics

A

decrease gastrointestinal (GI) spasms by slowing peristalsis and motility throughout the GI tract

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10
Q

antiemetic drugs

A

prochlorperazine, ondansetron

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11
Q

antispasmodic drugs

A

glycopyrrolate, dicyclomine

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12
Q

laxatives

A

treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity in the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte secretion into the bowel to induce defecation

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13
Q

laxative drugs

A

senna/sennosides, psyllium

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14
Q

abdominal

A

ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, uterus, and bladder

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15
Q

ultrasonography (US)

A

high frequency sound waves are directed at soft tissue and reflected as “echoes” to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure

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16
Q

lower gastrointestinal series

A

radiographic images of the rectum and colon following administration of barium into the rectum

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17
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

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18
Q

stool culture

A

test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection

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19
Q

colostomy

A

creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag

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20
Q

lithotripsy

A

procedure for crushing a stone by eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves

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21
Q

gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using flexible fiberoptic instrument with a magnifying lens and a light source to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors

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22
Q

hepatitis panel

A

panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus- hepatitis A, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C- that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens

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23
Q

liver function tests

A

group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract

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24
Q

bariatric surgery

A

group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, a condition that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health promblems

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25
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

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26
Q

steatorrhea

A

passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it

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27
Q

peristalsis

A

progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntary in hallow tubes of the body, especially the GI tract

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28
Q

flatus

A

gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus

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29
Q

halitosis

A

foul-smelling breath

30
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

31
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation, and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon

32
Q

melena

A

passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices

33
Q

hematochezia

A

presence of blood in feces in lower GI

34
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

35
Q

crohn disease

A

form inflammatory bowel disease, usually of the ileum but possible affecting any portion of the intestinal tract

36
Q

dysphagia

A

inability or difficulty in swallowing; aka aphagia

37
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

38
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection

39
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, most commonly as a result of chronic liver disease

40
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

41
Q

cachexia

A

physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer

42
Q

diverticulosis

A

a condition in which small, blister-like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine and may balloon through the intestinal wall

43
Q

hemorrhoids

A

enlarged veins in the mucous membrane of the anal canal; may occur internal or external.

44
Q

volvulus

A

intestinal twisting

45
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of any organ, tissue, or structure through the wall of the cavity in which it is naturally contained

46
Q

ulcer colitis

A

a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly begins in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extends upward into the entire colon

47
Q

ulcer

A

a circumscribed open sore on the skin or mucous membrane of the body

48
Q

prandial

A

meal

49
Q

pepsia

A

digestion

50
Q

chloecyst/o

A

gallbladder

51
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

52
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

53
Q

rectocele

A

herniation or protrusion of the rectum

54
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

55
Q

sialorrhea

A

drooling

56
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum(s)

57
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

58
Q

gloss/o

A

tounge

59
Q

or/o

A

mouth

60
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

61
Q

endocrine gland

A

the pancreas secretes insulin directly into the bloodstream to maintain normal blood glucose levels

62
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up liver cells to form bilirubin and eventually excreted in the feces

63
Q

bolus

A

mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed

64
Q

exocrine

A

gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel

65
Q

sphincter

A

circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body

66
Q

triglycerides

A

organic compound, a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids

67
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

68
Q

Difficult/painful digestion

A

Dyspepsia

69
Q

The partial loss of taste

A

Dysgeusia

70
Q

Pain in the stomach

A

Gastralgia

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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