Digestive System Ch.6 Flashcards
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
R/O
Rule out
stat
immediately
Antacids
Counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach
Antacid drugs
calcium carbonate
Antidiarrheals
Control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract
Antidiarrheal drugs
loperamide, kaolin/pectin
antiemetics
controls nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain
antispasmodics
decrease gastrointestinal (GI) spasms by slowing peristalsis and motility throughout the GI tract
antiemetic drugs
prochlorperazine, ondansetron
antispasmodic drugs
glycopyrrolate, dicyclomine
laxatives
treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity in the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte secretion into the bowel to induce defecation
laxative drugs
senna/sennosides, psyllium
abdominal
ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, uterus, and bladder
ultrasonography (US)
high frequency sound waves are directed at soft tissue and reflected as “echoes” to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure
lower gastrointestinal series
radiographic images of the rectum and colon following administration of barium into the rectum
computed tomography (CT)
imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
stool culture
test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection
colostomy
creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag
lithotripsy
procedure for crushing a stone by eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves
gastrointestinal endoscopy
visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using flexible fiberoptic instrument with a magnifying lens and a light source to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors
hepatitis panel
panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus- hepatitis A, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C- that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens
liver function tests
group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract
bariatric surgery
group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, a condition that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health promblems
anastomosis
surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
steatorrhea
passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it
peristalsis
progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntary in hallow tubes of the body, especially the GI tract
flatus
gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus
halitosis
foul-smelling breath
hematemesis
vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
irritable bowel syndrome
symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation, and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon
melena
passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices
hematochezia
presence of blood in feces in lower GI
cholelithiasis
presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct
crohn disease
form inflammatory bowel disease, usually of the ileum but possible affecting any portion of the intestinal tract
dysphagia
inability or difficulty in swallowing; aka aphagia
anorexia
lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, most commonly as a result of chronic liver disease
borborygmus
rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
cachexia
physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer
diverticulosis
a condition in which small, blister-like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine and may balloon through the intestinal wall
hemorrhoids
enlarged veins in the mucous membrane of the anal canal; may occur internal or external.
volvulus
intestinal twisting
hernia
protrusion of any organ, tissue, or structure through the wall of the cavity in which it is naturally contained
ulcer colitis
a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly begins in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extends upward into the entire colon
ulcer
a circumscribed open sore on the skin or mucous membrane of the body
prandial
meal
pepsia
digestion
chloecyst/o
gallbladder
chol/e
bile, gall
hepat/o
liver
rectocele
herniation or protrusion of the rectum
pylor/o
pylorus
sialorrhea
drooling
gingiv/o
gum(s)
cheil/o
lip
gloss/o
tounge
or/o
mouth
stomat/o
mouth
endocrine gland
the pancreas secretes insulin directly into the bloodstream to maintain normal blood glucose levels
bilirubin
orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up liver cells to form bilirubin and eventually excreted in the feces
bolus
mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed
exocrine
gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel
sphincter
circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body
triglycerides
organic compound, a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
Difficult/painful digestion
Dyspepsia
The partial loss of taste
Dysgeusia
Pain in the stomach
Gastralgia
