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Medical Terminology > Chapters 12,13&14 > Flashcards

Chapters 12,13&14 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abrev. GYN

A

Gynecology

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2
Q

Abrev. LMP

A

Last menstrual period

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3
Q

Abrev. HRT

A

Hormone replacement therapy

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4
Q

Abrev. PID

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

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5
Q

Abrev. STD

A

Sexually transmitted disease

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6
Q

Abrev. IUD

A

Intrauterine device

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7
Q

Abrev. OB

A

Obstetrics

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8
Q

Oxytocics is used for

A

Inducing labor at term by increasing the strength and frequency of uterine contractions

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9
Q

Antifungals are used for

A

Treating vaginal yeast infections

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10
Q

Prostaglandins used for

A

To terminate pregnancy

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11
Q

Estrogens used for

A

Treat symptoms of menopause

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12
Q

Oral contraceptives used for

A

Prevent pregnancy and treat me steal disorders

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13
Q

Signs of eclampsia

A

Edema, convulsions, proteinuria, HTN

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14
Q

What is used to screen for and diagnose cervical cancer

A

Pap test

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15
Q

Placenta previa

A

When the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal

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16
Q

Abruptio placaentae

A

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor

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17
Q

Another term for bent forward

A

Anteflexion

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18
Q

Bending backward

A

Retroversion

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19
Q

In a subtotal hysterectomy

A

Cervix, ovaries, and Fallopian tubes remain

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20
Q

In a total hysterectomy

A

The uterus is removed but the ovaries and Fallopian tubes remain

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21
Q

In a total plus bilateral salpino-oophoroectomy

A

The uterus, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries are removed

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22
Q

Modified radical mastectomy

A

Exicision or removal of the entire breast, including scullery lymph nodes

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23
Q

Radical mastectomy

A

Excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under breast

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24
Q

Simple mastectomy

A

Excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin

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25
Q

Risk factors of breast cancer

A

Menarche, late onset of menopause, family history of the disease or or HRT, and nulliparous

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26
Q

Nullipara

A

Someone who never produced a viable offspring

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27
Q

Post-natal period/ puerperium

A

The period of adjustment after childbirth during which the reproductive organs of the mother return their normal non-pregnant state

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28
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstruation

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29
Q

Atresia

A

Congenital absence or closure of normal body opening

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30
Q

Metroptosis

A

Prolapse or downward displacement of the uterus

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31
Q

Perineorrhaphy

A

Suture of the perineum

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32
Q

Hysterectomy

A

Excision or removal of the uterus

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33
Q

Mastopexy

A

Surgical fixation of the breast

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34
Q

Inferior constricted portion of the uterus

A

Cervix

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35
Q

Fertilization or conception takes place in the

A

Uterus

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36
Q

Dystocia

A

Difficult childbirth

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37
Q

Cervicitis

A

Inflammation of the cervix

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38
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

Inflammation of the Fallopian tubes

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39
Q

Lactogen

A

Refers to any substance that stimulates mile production, such as a hormone

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40
Q

Cryosurgery

A

The process of freezing tissue to destroy cells

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41
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

The implantation of a fertilized egg somewhere other than the main cavity of the uterus

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42
Q

Lactation

A

The production and release of milk by mammary glands

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43
Q

Perineum

A

The area between the vaginal orifice and the anus

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44
Q

The length between time from contraception to birth

A

Gestation

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45
Q

Parturition

A

The medical term for child birth

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46
Q

Mamm/o -gram

A

A radiograph of the breast

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47
Q

Colp/o -scopy

A

visual examination of the vagina

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48
Q

Pseud/o -cyesis

A

The medical term for false pregnancy

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49
Q

Ect/o -pia

A

The pretense of tissue cells etc. in an abnormal place

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50
Q

Salping/o -plasty

A

Surgical repair of Fallopian tube

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51
Q

Epi- si/o -tomy

A

Surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the opening for the baby to pass through

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52
Q

End/o- metri- osis

A

A disease in which tissue that normally frowns inside the uterus grows outside the uterus

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53
Q

Gynec/o -logy

A

The branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the female reproductive organs and breasts

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54
Q

Dyspareunia

A

The occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse

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55
Q

Endometrium

A

The middle layer of the uterus, composed of smooth muscle

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56
Q

What are female sex hormones responsible for breast development and regulation of the mr steal cycle

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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57
Q

Secretions by what glands serve to lubricate the vagina

A

Bartholin glands

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58
Q

What hormone stimulates ovarian follicles to develop and mature

A

FSH

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59
Q

Abrev. STD

A

Sexually transmitted disease

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60
Q

Abrev. PSA

A

Prostate-specific antigen

61
Q

Abrev. HPV

A

Human papilloma virus

62
Q

Abrev. DRE

A

Digital rectal examination

63
Q

Abrev. BPH

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

64
Q

Abrev. ED

A

Erectile dysfunction

65
Q

Anti-androgens

A

Used to treat prostate cancer

66
Q

Anti-virals

A

Used to treat herpes and lesions associated with chickenpox and shingles

67
Q

Anti-impotence agents

A

Treat erectile dysfunction by increasing blood flow to penis; should be used with caution by those who have HTN

68
Q

Androgens

A

Used to treat hypogonadism or delayed puberty

69
Q

MC form of cancer in males between the ages of 15 and 34

A

Testicular cancer

70
Q

PSA

A

A blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostate cancer

71
Q

Characterized by red, blister-like, painful lesions in the genital area

A

HSV-2

72
Q

Chlamydia

A

Most prevalent and one of the most damaging STIs in the UNITED STATES

73
Q

Genital warts

A

HPV

74
Q

Caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrheae

A

Gonorrhea

75
Q

Caused by infection with bacterium treponema pallidum

A

Syphilis

76
Q

Testaliga

A

Pain of the testis

77
Q

Urethritis

A

Inflammation of the urethra

78
Q

Varicocele

A

Swelling and distension of the veins in the spermatic cord

79
Q

Hypospadias

A

A fissure under (a penis)

80
Q

Vasectomy

A

Removal of (all or part of) the bad deferens

81
Q

Orchialgia

A

Pain in the testes

82
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Contains nutrients that support sleek viability and produces approximately %60 of seminal fluid

83
Q

Spermatozoa is made in the

A

Seminiferous tubule

84
Q

Orchitis

A

Inflammation of the testes

85
Q

Prepuce

A

The foreskin covering the glans penis

86
Q

Circumcision

A

The removal of the foreskin, or fold of skins covering the tip of the penis

87
Q

Gynecomastia

A

The enlargement of the breast tissues in males

88
Q

Oligospermia

A

Scanty of sperm

89
Q

The psychological and physical drive for sexual activity

A

Libido

90
Q

Sperm-I-cides

A

Agent that kills sperm

91
Q

Balan/o- posph- itis

A

Inflammation of the glands and foreskin

92
Q

Orchiectomy

A

The excision or removal of one or both testicles

93
Q

Crypt- orchid- ism

A

A condition of hidden testes

94
Q

Ur/o- logy

A

The branch of medicine concerned with the male reproductive system as well as urinary disorders in both males and females

95
Q

Priapism

A

The prolonged and often painful erection of the penis, which occurs w/o sexual stimulation

96
Q

Hypogonadism

A

The decrease or lack of hormones normally produced by the gonads

97
Q

Prostate cancer symptoms

A

Difficulty starting urination and stopping the urinary stream, dysuria, urinary frequency, hematuria, and an elevated PSA

98
Q

Testosterone

A

An androgenic hormone responsible for musculature hair patterns thick vocal cords and increase sexual drive

99
Q

Orchidoptosis

A

Downward displacement of the testes

100
Q

LH stimulates

A

The testes to make testosterone

101
Q

FSH stimulates

A

To make sperm

102
Q

Abrev. K

A

Potassium

103
Q

Abrev. HRT

A

Hormone replacement therapy

104
Q

Abrev. GTT

A

Glucose tolerance test

105
Q

Abrev. FBS

A

Fasting blood sugar

106
Q

Abrev. TFT

A

Thyroid function test

107
Q

Abrev. DKA

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

108
Q

Abrev. DM

A

Diabetes mellitus

109
Q

Insulins

A

Lower blood glucose levels; used to treat type 1 diabetes

110
Q

Growth hormone replacements

A

Stimulate skeletal growth in children

111
Q

Oral antidiabetics

A

Stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin; used to treat type 2 diabetes

112
Q

Thyroid supplements

A

Used to replace or supplement thyroid hormones

113
Q

Graves’ disease

A

Pretibial myxedema and exophthalmos

114
Q

Cretinism

A

Hypothyroidism that develops in infants

115
Q

Signs of diabetes mellitus type 1

A

Polyuria, weight loss, polyphagia, polydipsia

116
Q

What measures glucose levels in a blood sample 8 hours after meal

A

Fasting blood sugar

117
Q

Minimal invasive surgical procedure used to control hyperparathoidism

A

Parathyroidectomy

118
Q

What are the physical manifestations of Cushing syndrome

A

Purple striae, moon shaped face, easy bruising and slow wound healing, buffalo hump

119
Q

Symptoms of cushing syndrome

A

Excessive amounts of cortisol, ACTH or both

120
Q

Prolactin

A

Stimulates milk production

121
Q

Epinephrine

A

Regulates glucose levels between meals and stimulates the breakdown of fats

122
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Raises blood pressure by reducing the diameter of blood vessels

123
Q

Aldosterone

A

Stimulates the kidneys to conserve sodium and water and excrete potassium

124
Q

Cortisol

A

Maintains BP and CO during times of stress; dilates airways and raises blood glucose levels

125
Q

The cells of the adrenal medulla are responsible for the secretion of

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

126
Q

Thyroid hormone does what

A

Increases the rate of oxygen consumption, increases the metabolic rate of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, influence growth hormone and plays an important role in maintaining blood pressure, is an iodine-containing hormone

127
Q

Endocrine

A

Secretes within

128
Q

Hyponatermia

A

Low blood sodium levels

129
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women

130
Q

Virilism

A

The masculinization or development of male sex characteristics in women

131
Q

Diuresis

A

Increased formation and recreation of urine

132
Q

Homeostasis

A

A state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body

133
Q

Adrenocoricotropic

A

A hormone that promotes secretion of corticosteroids, especially cortisol

134
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Excessive calcium in the blood

135
Q

Eu-thyr-oid

A

Means resembling a normal thyroid gland

136
Q

Glucos-uria

A

The abnormal amount of glucose in the urine

137
Q

Hypervolemia

A

The abnormal increase in blood plasma volume

138
Q

Androgen

A

Any steroid hormone that increases masculinization

139
Q

Hyperglyc-emia

A

The abnormal increase in blood glucose levels

140
Q

Hyper-thyroid-ism

A

A condition of excessive thyroid gland function

141
Q

Aden/o-hypo-physis

A

Anterior love of the pituitary gland produces the hormones FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin and GH

142
Q

Muscle twitches and spasms result from

A

High calcium levels

143
Q

Melatonin

A

A hormone produced by the pineal gland during times of sleep which at high levels may delay puberty

144
Q

Thyroxine is the major hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, but triiodothyronine is the active form of thyroid hormone

A

True

145
Q

Which hormones stored in the posterior line of the pituitary gland or neurophypophysis

A

ADH and oxytocin

146
Q

What hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas that stimulates the lover to change stored glycogen to glucose

A

Insulin

147
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

An antagonistic to calcitonin because it’s effect on target organs increases calcium levels in plasma

148
Q

Hormones

A

Are specialized chemicals released by endocrine glands into the bloodstream that act on specific tissues and organs

149
Q

Abrev. D&C

A

Dilation and curettage

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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