Respiratory System Flashcards
Which structure is part of the lower respiratory system?
Larynx
Which structure is the final part of the conduction portion of the respiratory system?
terminal bronchioles
Why are the cartilages that reinforce the trachea C-shaped?
to allow room for esophageal expansion
Which arteries supply blood to the conducting portions of the respiratory tract?
bronchial arteries
What path does air take when flowing from the glottis to the respiratory membrane?
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli
What statement (s) is (are) true with regard to the respiratory membrane?
It is formed by the fusion of endothelium and simple squamous cells of the alveoli, diffusion of gases across the respiratory membrane occurs rapidly, and transport of O2 and CO2 across the respiratory membrane is simultaneous
What statement below is true of the pleura?
It is attached to the diaphragm and thoracic wall
What role do the nasal conchae play in the respiratory system?
trapping airborne particles in mucus, warming and humidifying incoming air, and bringing olfactory stimulation to olfactory receptors
If surfactant is not produced, alveoli ____ due to_____.
collapse; increase in surface tension
Which of the following is NOT TRUE concerning the efficiency of gas exchange?
The difference in partial pressure across the respiratory membrane is minimal.
If you have maximally exhaled all the air you can (ERV), what is the amount you can now maximally inhale?
vital capacity
In pneumonia, fluid accumulates in the alveoli of the lungs and bronchioles constrict. What effect does pneumonia have on vital capacity?
decrease in vital capacity
Which respiratory muscles become actively involved only during a forced inspiration?
Pectoralis minor, scalenes, and serratus anterior
How is inspiratory capacity calculated?
Tv+IRV
Why is Va more important than the respiratory minute volume?
Va determines the rate of O2 delivery to alveoli
What is the functional relationship b/w hemoglobin and pH?
As pH drops, HbO2 saturation declines
Which gas law states, “At a given temperature, the amount of a particular gas in solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas”?
Henry’s law
What does Boyle’s law state concerning the relationship b/w pressure and volume?
It you increase the volume of a gas, its pressure will decrease. P=1/V
A decrease in pneumotaxic output results in ____becuase____
Decreased respiratory rate and increased depth of respiration; the apneustic centers are stimulated
What do increased temperature in active skeletal muscles and increased concentrations of BPG have in common? What is the result?
Both allow the Hb molecule to release O2 more readily; improved tissue oxygenation
Which of the following contributes the most to the expiration of carbon dioxide?
The formation of a bicarbonate ion
Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the transport of the respiratory gases in blood?
CO2 binds to the Fe2+ center of the hemoglobin molecule
The epithelium of the pharynx changes from___in the nasopharynx to___ in the oropharynx because__?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar; stratified squamous; the oropharynx is subject to abrasion
Why is important to exhale while lifting weights?
To prevent intrapulmonary pressure from increasing
Edward breaks a rib that punctures his left lung. What will happen to his left lung and how will it be treated?
Atelectasis; vacuum air from pleural space
Beyond transport of respiratory gases, how do the respiratory and cardiovascular systems interact?
Regulation of BP by activation of angiotensin 2. Bicarbonate ions contribute to the buffering capacity of blood.
