Blood

Question 1

There are ~280 million Hb molecules in one RBC. A single Hb molecule carries ___ molecule(s) of O2, which means that a single RBC carries about ___ O2 molecules.

Answer 1

4; 1 billion

Question 2

A decrease in hematocrit is not caused by ___.

Answer 2

Dehydration

Question 3

Why is it important that when iron binds to oxygen that this is a temporary and reversible interaction?

Answer 3

because the oxygen needs to dissociate into tissues

Question 4

What accounts for males’ HCT (~46) being higher than females’ HCT (~42)?

Answer 4

Androgens stimulate RBC production

Question 5

Under normal conditions, what is the fate of the globular proteins of a recycled hemoglobin molecule?

Answer 5

They are disassembled into their component amino acids.

Question 6

WBCs can be characterized by ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 6

can leave capillaries by diapedesis, are capable of amoeboid movement, and are attracted to specific chemical stimuli.

Question 7

What is the nature of and purpose of surface antigens on RBCs?

Answer 7

integral membrane glycoproteins or glycolipids; substances your immune system recognizes as “normal”

Question 8

Which type of WBC is found in greatest numbers in an infected cut?

Answer 8

neutrophils

Question 9

Monocytes transform into ____ in tissues, where they ____.

Answer 9

macrophages; are phagocytic and release chemicals that attract neutrophils

Question 10

Sam has an infestation of large parasitic worms. What will happen?

Answer 10

Eosinophils will release cytotoxic enzymes from their granules.

Question 11

If Derek has surface antigen B and D on his RBCs, what blood type does he have? What type of antibodies are in his plasma?

Answer 11

B+; anti-A antibodies

Question 12

Andrew has blood type O negative. What type of blood can he receive from a donor? Why?

Answer 12

O negative; he has anti-A and anti-B antibodies in his plasma.

Question 13

Why can’t a person with Type A blood safely receive blood from a person with Type B blood?

Answer 13

Type B blood would agglutinate in the recipient’s blood vessels and plug small vessels to vital organs.

Question 14

Why is it unlikely that the antibodies in the plasma of a Type O donor would cause a transfusion reaction in a Type A recipient?

Answer 14

The plasma portion of donated blood is tiny when compared to the volume of plasma in the recipient’s body.

Question 15

Why is cross-matching performed, even though both donor and recipient are known to be the same blood type?

Answer 15

It reveals the presence of potential cross-reactions with surface antigens other than A, B, and Rh.

Question 16

Which of the phases of hemostasis occurs first?

Answer 16

Vascular phase

Question 17

Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease where the tissue becomes fibrotic. How could this disease impact the blood?

Answer 17

It can cause a decrease in the ability of blood to clot due to decreased production of fibrinogen, It can decrease the production of immunoglobulins and decrease the ability to fight infection, and It can decrease the osmotic pressure of the blood.

Question 18

Platelets ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 18

packets of cytoplasm produced from megakaryocytes, release chemicals important to clotting, and their formation is stimulated by thrombopoietin.

Question 19

Following surgery for stomach cancer, Joe has been diagnosed with pernicious anemia. Which of the following is most likely the cause of this problem?

Answer 19

He may not be absorbing vitamin B12 from his diet since the operation because of less intrinsic factor.

Question 20

What conditions would stimulate the release of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Answer 20

hypoxia produced by high altitude, kidney disease, and low blood pressure due to internal bleeding.

Question 21

In which organ are most plasma proteins synthesized?

Answer 21

Liver

Question 22

What are the three major functions of blood?

Answer 22

transport of dissolved gases, nutrients, and hormones, stabilization of body temperature, and defense against toxins and pathogens.

Question 23

Why is venipuncture a common technique for obtaining a blood sample?

Answer 23

blood pressure is relatively low in the veins, superficial veins are easy to locate, and venous walls are thinner than arterial walls.

Question 24

What is the primary difference between plasma and interstitial fluid?

Answer 24

Plasma contains significantly more protein

Question 25

What characteristics of blood contribute to its high viscosity?

Answer 25

interactions among proteins, formed elements, and water molecules in plasma

Question 26

What contributions from the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways help form the enzyme complex necessary to begin the Common Pathway?

Answer 26

Factor VII from the Extrinsic Pathway; Factors VIII and IX from the Intrinsic Pathway