Endocrine

Question 1

What characteristic is exclusive to the endocrine system when compared with the nervous system?

Answer 1

effective in coordinating cell, tissue, and organ activities on a sustained, long-term basis

Question 2

What is one of the endocrine functions of the hypothalamus?

Answer 2

It secretes regulatory hormones that influence endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary gland

Question 3

What are peptide hormones?

Answer 3

They are chains of amino acids such as glycoproteins, small proteins, or polypeptides

Question 4

If levels of calcium are low in the blood, what hormone would restore calcium to homeostasis?

Answer 4

parathyroid hormone

Question 5

The vascular arrangement of the hypophyseal portal system:

Answer 5

provides efficient means of ensuring that all hypothalamic hormones will reach target cells in the adenohypophysis before being diluted in general circulation.

Question 6

What is the role of FSH in males?

Answer 6

It stimulates nurse cells, which then promote the maturation of sperm.

Question 7

If a person has been drinking alcohol, how is ADH released by the neurohypophysis affected?

Answer 7

ADH secretion is inhibited by drinking alcohol.

Question 8

A person with diabetes insipidus has a decreased secretion of _______.

Answer 8

ADH

Question 9

Why do high levels of cortisol, a steroid hormone from the adrenal cortex, cause a decrease in the pituitary secretion of ACTH?

Answer 9

ACTH participates in a negative feedback loop with cortisol.

Question 10

Which pancreatic cell type is paired with the hormone it produces?

Answer 10

beta cells / insulin

Question 11

What are two functions of insulin?

Answer 11

IT will facilitate the transport and utilization of glucose by cells and It promotes protein synthesis.

Question 12

What is an effect of glucagon?

Answer 12

Breakdown of triglyerides in adipose tissue.

Question 13

Cells in the ___ are insulin independent, which means that they can ____.

Answer 13

Brain, kidneys, and digestive tract; absorb glucose without insulin stimulation

Question 14

Why are diabetics continuously thirsty and why do they frequently urinate?

Answer 14

less water is reclaimed by osmosis in the kidneys and water loss reduces blood volume, promoting secretion of ADH

Question 15

Increased amounts of sunlight inhibit the production of which hormone?

Answer 15

Melatonin

Question 16

What disease results from the overproduction of glucocorticoids?

Answer 16

Cushing’s Disease

Question 17

Deficiencies of which hormones impede normal skeletal development?

Answer 17

GH, thyroid hormone, PTH, and reproductive hormones

Question 18

What is the effect of renin secretion by the kidneys?

Answer 18

converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Question 19

What is not an effect of thyroid hormones on major organ systems?

Answer 19

decreased turnover of minerals in bone

Question 20

The removal of the parathyroid glands results in a decrease in the blood concentration of which important mineral?

Answer 20

Calcium ions

Question 21

Failure of the zona glomerulosa to secrete aldosterone would result in ______.

Answer 21

loss of Na+, K+ retention, and decreased reabsorption of water at the kidneys

Question 22

Secretion of cortisol by the zona fasciculata ___ in the liver and has am ___ effect on CRH in the hypothalamus.

Answer 22

increases glucose synthesis; inhibitory

Question 23

Melatonin is well known for its role in regulating circadian rhythm. What are two other functions of melatonin.

Answer 23

Inhibits reproductive functions and protects CNS neurons from free radicals

Question 24

In what ways are hormonal effects of E and NE from the adrenal medulla similar to the effects of glucocorticoids from the zona fasciculata?

Answer 24

both increase blood glucose levels and promote the breakdown of stored fats into fatty acids